非谓语动词用法归纳语法
非 谓 语 动 词 用 法 归 纳 主动 被动 1. doing用在要求动词后;进行;伴随; 性质;特点;概括;抽象;一 般 3. having done有先后动作表完成(一 般用在句首) 2. being done正在进行的被动 4. having been done 用于句首;要求 动词后(有过去时间或过去崭作) 5. to do用在要求动词后;目的;将 来;具体 7. to have done在要求动词后表完成 的动作(一般用在句中) 6. to be done将来的被动 8. to have been done用在要求动词后 (有过去时间或过去动作) 9. done被动;完成(一般或普遍时间) 一、表格的用法 1. doing的用法 (1) 在要求动词后(作宾语):avoid避免appreciate感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自认admit承认advocate提倡/主张consider考虑can t help不禁can t stand 受不了 contemplate 细想 complete 完成 confess 坦白 dislike 不喜欢,讨厌 deserve值得 delay延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享 有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口 escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive 原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想 involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind介意pardon原谅/ 饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止 risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand 坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. (2) 表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. =When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. (3) 表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. =The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water. = Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. (4) 表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. (5) 表性质;特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. (6) 概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概 括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people. (7)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词’s+动名词。例 如: Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife s working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。 2. being done表示正在进行的被动 The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = When the boy was being criticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad. The building being built will be the tallest one in this city. =The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city. 3. having done有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首) Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finished the class, I went home. Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest. Having done the work, I went back home. Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders. 4. having been done用于句首;有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成,(有过去时 间或过去动作) I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.(要求动词后) =1 appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. Having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then. =Because I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then I appreciate having been Rive