湖南省常德市六中高中英语语法《构词法和猜词技巧》教案

构构词词法法 I. I.合成法：合成法：两个或两个以上独立的词和在一起构成的复合词 （1）复合形容词： a warm-hearted person,a three-legged table,a four-day holiday He is color-blind. A pine trees is ever-green. I need to have a face-to-face talk with my tutor. Our visit to Xian is badly-organized. (2) 复合名词 laptop, pigtail, … II.II. 转化法：转化法：由一种词性转化为另一种词性的用法 (1) The teacher asked the class who could give the right answer to the question but no one knew. (2) One task for children to go to school is to learn to tell right and wrong. (3) The instructor encouraged us to right our wrong doings in the past. III.III. 派生法：派生法：由词根加上前后缀构成的新词。前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一般 只改变词性，不改变词义。 常用前缀：常用前缀： 常用否定前缀： ir-, il-, in.-, im: 不，非irregular, illegal, impossible, invisible un-, non-：不，非unfit, unfair, unknown, non-payment, non-stop dis-: 否定disappear, discourage, disability, discharge inter-:相互之间international, inter-school mis-: 误mistake, mislead, misunderstand re-: 重复，再return, reunite, remarry 以下前缀可改变词性： a-: 变为副词或表语形容词： asleep, alone, awake, ahead en-: 将形容词变为动词，使…可能：enable, enlarge, enrich 常用后缀：常用后缀： 名词性后缀名词性后缀: : -er / -or:: ……者traveler, swimmer, foreigner -ist: 专业人员artist, pianist, archeologist -ian: 精通…的人，…某地方的人musician, technician, Russian -ment: 性质，状态government, development, movement -ness: 性质，状态illness, darkness -tion / -sion: 动作，过程，结果pollution, invention, discussion, conclusion -ism: 论，说，主义socialism, capitalism 形容词性后缀形容词性后缀： -al, -an, -ern, -ful, -(a)ble, -ish, -ive, -y, -less, -ous, -ing, -ed: 具有…的性质，与…有关 practical, educational;American, Italian;southern, western; helpful, useful;reasonable, horrible;foolish, selfish active, passive;rainy, sleepy;careless, useless, hopeless dangerous, poisonousliving, interestingexcited, frightened 动词性后缀：动词性后缀： -fy: 使……化：simplify, electrify, terrify -ize: 使 ……成为realize, apologize, organize -en: 使……变得……sharpen, widen, shorten 副词后缀：副词后缀： -ly: 方式，程度freely, perfectly -ward(s): 表方向towards, forward, outward Practice:Practice: I. 给下列单词加上恰当的前缀构成意义相反的词。 agreecompleteimportant coverhealthypractical selfishperfecttouched dresspropersuccessful luckyapprovalseen kindreasonablefair comfortsatisfactionlogical II. 根据括号里的要求改写下列单词： storm (adj.)shy(adv.)die(n.) hot (v.)frighten (adj.)beautiful (n.) friend (adj.)free (n.)polite (n.) safe (n.)slow (adv.)early(adv.) angry (n.)satisfaction (v.)danger (adj.) deep (v.)Brazil (adj.)west (adv.) III. 根据构词法猜测下列各句中划线单词的词性及意义： 1. The maths paper was rather difficult this time. My uncle always reads his evening paper while having his supper. 2. In hot summer days big trees can cool us with their shade. The mild is not cool enough to drink. 3. His heart beat faster when he heard his name called. When the music started, all the villagers began to dance to the strong beat. 4. He brushed the dirt off his clothes, using a plastic brush. Many foreigners think it amazing for Chinese artist to paint with a brush. 英语阅读中的猜词技巧英语阅读中的猜词技巧 I 通过定义或解释猜测词义或语义： 句中常有 be, mean, define(下定义), refer to, be known as, as you know, that is 等引出下 文中的解释或定义，也可以定语从句为线索进行猜测。 1. Ventilation, as y