我国政法大学在职硕士校考英语试题DA

WORD 格式.可编辑 英语试题 公共英语部分 Put the following passage into Chinese: 1、Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on al learning. Educators find that older toddlers are more likely to succeed during their school careers, whereas their younger counterparts are more likely to fail. Kindergarten children who turn five during the latter half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it comes to physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development. Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten tend to receive better grades and score higher on achievement tests throughout their schooling experience than do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the same thing. It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of today’s children with inner maturity. Inde ed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs: Youngsters whose parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have more anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fail to maintain their initial academic advantage over their less-pressured peers. 对早期教育的批评引用了关于4 岁儿童是否应准备接受正规教育的研究报告。教育工作者发现，年龄较大的幼儿 更容易在他们的学业中取得成功，而年龄较小的幼儿更容易失败。幼儿园的孩子在快到五岁时面临的生理、心理、 社交和智力发展，似乎并不顺利。此外，快到六岁的孩子上幼儿园时往往会获得更好的成绩，并在学业上比那些刚 满五岁上幼儿园的孩子成绩更好。天资聪慧、拥有语言表达技能与准备好上学并不一样。人们很容易将如今大多数 内心成熟儿童的表面上自信与精明混淆。事实上，有证据表明，过早教育会适得其反：那些由被父母要求在幼儿园 进行应试教育学习的儿童缺乏创造力，对考试更加焦虑，并在幼儿园结束时，与那些未被要求进行应试教育学习的 儿童相比，并不能在学习上保持其最初的优势。 Many psychologists and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a al educational setting. They question whether environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non disadvantaged home. They do not deny, however, the value of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children considerable freedom to play, develop at their own pace, and evolve their social skills. But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now expected of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4-year-olds. These psychologists and educators believe we are driving young children too hard and thereby depriving them of their childhood. 许多心理学家和教育工作者对 4 岁儿童接受正规教育仍持怀疑态度。他们质疑丰富环境是否能显著地改变贫 穷家庭孩子的成长时间表。但并不否认托儿所、幼儿园的舒适环境、让孩子自由玩耍、自由成长、提升社交能力的 种种好处。但他们指出，过去孩子在小学一年级学习的知识现已在幼儿园进行学习，他们担心越来越多的孩子被要 求在 4 岁开始学习。这些心理学家和教育工作者认为，家长望子成龙心切，从而剥夺了孩子们的童年。 2、In country after country, talk of nonsmokers’ right is in the air. While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet, some 30 nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking. Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers, or to cut cigarette consumption. In some developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has become more