语法复习二:主谓一致
语法复习二:主谓一致 语法复习二、主谓一致 在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主 谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原 则。 (一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用 单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes,注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数 情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句 的谓语动词用复数形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意:①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数 形式。如:The writer and artist has come. ; /② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果 分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数 形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room. . / No boy and no girl likes it. 3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including 等弓|起的短 语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4、either, neither, each, every 或 no + 单数名词和由 some, any, no, every 构成 的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意:① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词 (或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它 后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America. 5、在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中 先行词的数一致。如:6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它 指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意:people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child. 7、由 “a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of +名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其 谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注意:a number of “许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of “…的数量”,主语是number, 9谓语用单数。 8、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures.(二)逻辑意义一致原则:逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的 数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。如:Which is your bag? 2、 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式, 这是由于作主3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语 动词通常用单数形式。如:“The 4、表数量的短语“one and a half“后接复数名词作 主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数。如:5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语 通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。如:Twelve plus eight is twenty. 6、— 些学科名词是以 - ics 结尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及 news, works 等,都属于形式上是/ Such is the