英语中非被动形式表示被动意义的情况
英语中非被动形式表示被动意义的情况 英语中除了动词的被动形式可表示被动意义之外,许多非被动形 式也可表示被动意义。现将值得注意的若干情况介绍如下。 一、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1. 系动词 taste, smell, feel, sound, look, appear, prove 等。如: the flowers in the garden smell wonderful, 花园里的花闻起 来好香。 good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth, 良药苦口。 2. 表示“运转“、“位移“等意义的不及物动词run, drive, ride, move等。如: the machine is so heavy that it won t move. 这台机器太重 移不动。 the bicycle won t ride comfortably because the back wheel of it doesn t turn well. 那辆自行车骑着不舒服,因为其后轮转动不好。 3. 表示“开始“、“结束“意义的动词begin, start, end, finish, stop等用作不及物动词时。如: the motorcycle won t start.摩托车发动不了。 the music stopped, and the curtain pulled apart. 音乐终止, 大幕拉开。 4. 动词 sell, write, wash, clean, read, write, shut, open, lock, keep, photograph, wear, blow, translate, print, publish 等用作不及物动词时。这些动词多表示主语的内在品质或性能。如: the Chinese works of art characteristic of national flavor sell well abroad. 富有特殊民族风格的中国艺术品畅销国外。 ancient poetry does not translate easily, 古诗不易翻译。 5. 及物(短语)动词 comprise, consist of, deserve well/ill of等的主动形式。如: the faculty council comprises twenty?邺 seven members. 教 授评审委员会由二十七位委员组成。 the united kingdom consists of great britain and northern ireland. 联合王国由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成。 the astronauts deserve well of the country for services. 这些宇航员为国家做出了很大贡献,理应受到奖赏。 6. 不及物动词go作“(奖品、遗产、职位)被给予”,“(东西)被 放置于……”、“被花费于……”、“被卖”等解时。如: the nobel prize went to the Chilean poet. 诺贝尔奖被那位 智利诗人所得。 does this baggage go in the trunk of your car? 这件行李要 放进你的汽车后备箱吗? 7. hang作不及物动词,表示“被绞死,被吊死“时。 he hanged for murder,他因谋杀罪而被处以绞刑。 you can t hang for such a crime.你不可能因此罪被处以绞 刑。 8. 某些短语动词 go out, turn out (to be), be familiar to, come to one, s knowledge (为所熟悉,为所知)等。如: your view has turned out to be reasonable. 你的观点证明是 有道理的。 these tales are familiar to Chinese children, 这些故事对 中国小孩而言是听惯了的。 9. 某些动词的进行时形式。如: the atm is repairing,自动提款机正在被修理。 the piano is playing,钢琴在奏鸣。 10. 不及物动词come,除数go后面接含否定意义的及物动词的过 去分词时。如: her suggestions went largely unheard. 她的建议大多无人理 昧。 police are worried that many crimes go unreported to them. 警方不安的是很多罪行无人报案。 二、非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1. 动词 want, need, require, deserve 等后的 v?W ing 形式。如: your networks want upgrading.你们的网络系统需要升级。 the windows require cleaning, 窗户该擦了。 his brave act deserves admiring. 他的英勇行为值得钦佩。 2. 动词bear, stand等后的v?邺ing形式。此时其意义为“经得 起(考验、困难等);耐得住”;且不用人作主语,多用否定或疑问。 如: the blouse didn t stand washing,这种短衫不耐洗。 the story doesn t bear repeating,那故事不值得重述。 3. 形容词worth后面的v?邺ing形式。如: such a trifling matter is not worth mentioning, 区区小事, 何足挂齿。 4. 介词 above, past, in need of 等后的 v?W ing 形式。如: this book is above my understanding, 这部书我读不懂。 a word spoken is past recalling,—言既出,马四马难追。 5. 动词不定式(短语)。 ① 不定式(短语)作定语,且与句子的宾语有动宾关系时。如: i have important news to tell you. 我有重要事情要告诉你。 ② 不定式(短语)作结果状语,且与句子主语有动宾关系时。常 见句型有: a. s+be+adj, + (for sb. ) to do, 如: the tiger is difficult to train, 老虎不易训练。 b. s+be+too+adj, +(for sb.) to do, 如: this wall is too high to jump over, 墙太高跳不过去。 c. s+be+adj, +enough+(for sb. ) to do, 如: this problem is easy enough for her to work