英语中非被动形式表示被动意义的情况
英语中非被动形式表示被动意义的情况 英语中除了动词的被动形式可表示被动意义之外,许多非被动形 式也可表示被动意义。现将值得注意的若干情况介绍如下。 一、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1. 系动词 taste, smell, feel, sound, look, appear, prove 等。如 the flowers in the garden smell wonderful, 花园里的花闻起 来好香。 good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth, 良药苦口。 2. 表示“运转、位移等意义的不及物动词run, drive, ride, move等。如 the machine is so heavy that it won t move. 这台机器太重 移不动。 the bicycle won t ride comfortably because the back wheel of it doesn t turn well. 那辆自行车骑着不舒服,因为其后轮转动不好。 3. 表示开始、结束意义的动词begin, start, end, finish, stop等用作不及物动词时。如 the motorcycle won t start.摩托车发动不了。 the music stopped, and the curtain pulled apart. 音乐终止, 大幕拉开。 4. 动词 sell, write, wash, clean, read, write, shut, open, lock, keep, photograph, wear, blow, translate, print, publish 等用作不及物动词时。这些动词多表示主语的内在品质或性能。如 the Chinese works of art characteristic of national flavor sell well abroad. 富有特殊民族风格的中国艺术品畅销国外。 ancient poetry does not translate easily, 古诗不易翻译。 5. 及物(短语)动词 comprise, consist of, deserve well/ill of等的主动形式。如 the faculty council comprises twenty邺 seven members. 教 授评审委员会由二十七位委员组成。 the united kingdom consists of great britain and northern ireland. 联合王国由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成。 the astronauts deserve well of the country for services. 这些宇航员为国家做出了很大贡献,理应受到奖赏。 6. 不及物动词go作“(奖品、遗产、职位)被给予”,“(东西)被 放置于”、被花费于”、“被卖”等解时。如 the nobel prize went to the Chilean poet. 诺贝尔奖被那位 智利诗人所得。 does this baggage go in the trunk of your car 这件行李要 放进你的汽车后备箱吗 7. hang作不及物动词,表示“被绞死,被吊死时。 he hanged for murder,他因谋杀罪而被处以绞刑。 you can t hang for such a crime.你不可能因此罪被处以绞 刑。 8. 某些短语动词 go out, turn out to be, be familiar to, come to one, s knowledge 为所熟悉,为所知等。如 your view has turned out to be reasonable. 你的观点证明是 有道理的。 these tales are familiar to Chinese children, 这些故事对 中国小孩而言是听惯了的。 9. 某些动词的进行时形式。如 the atm is repairing,自动提款机正在被修理。 the piano is playing,钢琴在奏鸣。 10. 不及物动词come,除数go后面接含否定意义的及物动词的过 去分词时。如 her suggestions went largely unheard. 她的建议大多无人理 昧。 police are worried that many crimes go unreported to them. 警方不安的是很多罪行无人报案。 二、非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1. 动词 want, need, require, deserve 等后的 vW ing 形式。如 your networks want upgrading.你们的网络系统需要升级。 the windows require cleaning, 窗户该擦了。 his brave act deserves admiring. 他的英勇行为值得钦佩。 2. 动词bear, stand等后的v邺ing形式。此时其意义为经得 起(考验、困难等);耐得住”;且不用人作主语,多用否定或疑问。 如 the blouse didn t stand washing,这种短衫不耐洗。 the story doesn t bear repeating,那故事不值得重述。 3. 形容词worth后面的v邺ing形式。如 such a trifling matter is not worth mentioning, 区区小事, 何足挂齿。 4. 介词 above, past, in need of 等后的 vW ing 形式。如 this book is above my understanding, 这部书我读不懂。 a word spoken is past recalling,言既出,马四马难追。 5. 动词不定式(短语)。 ① 不定式(短语)作定语,且与句子的宾语有动宾关系时。如 i have important news to tell you. 我有重要事情要告诉你。 ② 不定式(短语)作结果状语,且与句子主语有动宾关系时。常 见句型有 a. sbeadj, (for sb. ) to do, 如 the tiger is difficult to train, 老虎不易训练。 b. sbetooadj, (for sb.) to do, 如 this wall is too high to jump over, 墙太高跳不过去。 c. sbeadj, enoughfor sb. to do, 如 this problem is easy enough for her to work