语法复习二：主谓一致

语法复习二主谓一致 语法复习二、主谓一致 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原 则。 一语法一致原则语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用 单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes,注意由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数 情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句 的谓语动词用复数形式。如What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is are helpful to you. 2、由连接词and或bothand连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 如Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数 形式。如The writer and artist has come. ; /② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果 分别有no, each, every more than a an , many a an修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数 形式。如Every student and every teacher was in the room. . / No boy and no girl likes it. 3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including 等弓|起的短 语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4、either, neither, each, every 或 no 单数名词和由 some, any, no, every 构成 的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有of复数名词 或代词”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如Neither of the texts is are interesting.② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它 后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如None of us has have been to America. 5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中 先行词的数一致。如6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它 指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。如Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如The police are looking for the lost child. 7、由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数名词”构成的短语作主语，其 谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50 of the students in our class are girls. 注意a number of “许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of “的数量”，主语是number, 9谓语用单数。 8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures.（二）逻辑意义一致原则逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的 数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如Which is your bag 2、 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语 动词通常用单数形式。如“The 4、表数量的短语one and a half后接复数名词作 主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语 通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如Twelve plus eight is twenty. 6、 些学科名词是以 - ics 结尾，如mathematics, politics, physics 以及 news, works 等，都属于形式上是/ Such is the