非谓语动词对比
非谓语动词用法对比讲 一、不定式与动名词做主语: 1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式做主语常表示某次具体 的行为。例如: Collecting ination about children s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。 It s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。 2、常用不定式做主语的句型有: (1) It s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do (2) It s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave)of sb. to do. 3、常用动名词做主语的句型有: It s no good (use, fun) doing. It s (a) waste of time one s doing. It s worthwhile doing. 二、不定式与动名词做宾语: 1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语: want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise 等。 2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语: enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can t stand, can t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent*** (from), keep・・・from, stop*** (from), protect***from, set about, be engaged in, spend-** (in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on 等。 3、在 forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean 等动词后F艮不定式与动名 词意义不同,不定式 表示谓语动词之后的动作,而动名词表示的动作发生在谓 语动词之前,常用一般式doing代替完成式having done. He forgot to tell me to post the letter.(他忘了叫我发信。) I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。 Remember to write to us when you get there.到那里,记得给我们写信。 I don t remember meeting him,我不记得见过他。 I regret to tell you that I can t go to your birth-day party. 我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。 They regretted agreeing to the plan.他们后悔同意这个计划。 He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。 She tried reading a novel, but that couldn t make her forget her sorrow. 她试着看看小说,但也不能使她忘记伤心事。 I didn t mean to hurt you.我没有企图伤害你。 A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。 4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时,用主动式代替被动式。 The washing-machine needs repairing.(或用:needs to be repaired) 这台洗衣机需要修理。 The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。 This English novel is worth reading.这本英文小说值得一读。 The situation in Russian required studying.俄国形式需要研究。 四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语: 1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语: ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. 医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。 We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。(注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。) 2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式,这些动词有:see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have 等。例如: We noticed him enter the house.我们留意到他进了那所房子。 The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作。 注意当make、have不做“迫使、让”讲,而做“制造、有”解时,跟带有to 的不定式做状语。 Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。 He had a meeting to attend. 他有个会要开。 3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补: see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词 做宾补,要看分词与宾语的关系,如是主谓关系用现在分词,动宾关系用