[整理]（上海牛津版）八年级上学期期末专题（3套）--期末专题2——非谓语动词

期末专题2——非谓语动词 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三 种形式：不定式，动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。 1）不定式 时态 语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 2）动名词 时态 语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 3）分词 时态 语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 否定形式：not+不定式，not +动名词，not +现在分词 一、不定式 （一）不定式的常考形式 1. 一般形式： He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形工t ： He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表不与谓语动词同步发生 2. 完成形式: He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形工t: The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前〜 （二）不定式常考的考点 1. 不定式做定语一-将要发生 2. 不定式做状语----目的 3. 不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. （三）不定式的省略 1. 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性 + doing表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调“我看见了”这个事实） I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。［强调“我见他正干活”这个动作） 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. （2） help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do （四）有些动词后只跟不定式如 want, wish, hope, manage, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect, allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do, love to do, warn sb to do, be able to do begin to do, start to do （五）有的时候to后面要接・ing形式 look forward to; be used to; be alternative to; be similarity/similar to. 二.动名词：具有动作性特征的名词 1）是名词 seeing is believing 2）具有动词性特征可以带宾语 reading books is necessaiy （一）动名词的形式 一般形式：I don t like you smoking. 完成形式:I regret not having taken your advice. 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. （二）动名词常考的点 1. 动名词做主语，谓语动词为单数 2. 在动名词和不定式中，做为介词的宾语是动名词 3. 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语。 I would appreciate back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. you calling D. you re calling （Key： C your calling 也对） I regret not having taken your advice. 4. 有些词后只能接动名词 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; delay; discontinue; dislike; enjoy; escape; excuse; explain; feel like; finish; forgive; can t help; imagine; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; pardon; practice; prevent; report; suggest; understand. 另外还有一些接・ing形式的常用说法：“ ifs no good; it s no/little/hardly any/ use; it s not/hardly/scarcely use; it s worthwhile; spend money/time; there s no; there s nothing worse than; whafs the use/point. 5. 有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, mean后面用不定式和・ing形式，意义截然不容。 I remembered to post the letters.（指未来/过去未来的动作） I rememberedposting/having posting the letters. （我记得这个动作） forgot与remember的用法类似。 I regret to in you that.我很遗憾地通知你. I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.为 了“二十年前的离开，而遗憾. try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. try -ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.［打算、慈/我想去，但我父亲不让我 去。 To raise wage means increasing p