中考复习专题—宾语从句导学案
20192019 年中考复习专题年中考复习专题------宾语从句导学案宾语从句导学案 Name:______________ 一、一、什么是宾语从句什么是宾语从句 当一个句子的是由一个句子来充当的时候, 这个充当全句的宾语成分的句子就叫做 宾语从句。宾语从句从属于主句,不能独立。 例句:Iknowhim. 句子成分: ______________ 例句:Iknowwho he is. 句子成分: __________________ 二、二、宾语从句三要素:宾语从句三要素:引导词引导词、、语序语序、、时态时态 1. 1.连接词(引导词)连接词(引导词) (1)由 that 引导的是用于陈述事实的句子。注意,that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中 不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略。 2. 2.语序语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序,即陈述语序,即:连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 e.g. I hear (that)he will be back in an hour. He said (that) he missed us very much. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. (2)由 if/ whether 意为“是否” ,引导的是由一般疑问句充当的宾语从句。 常用在 ask, know,wonder, can (could) you tell me 等后, 且要将引导的一般疑问句改为陈述句语序。 练一练:将两个简单句合成一个含有宾语从句的复合句 ①I wonder.②Will he go to the park with us? =______________________________________________ ①I ask him.②Can he come? _______________________________________ ①Could you tell me?②Does Mr. Lilives here? _______________________________________________ 注意:只能用 whether 不能用 if 的四种情况: ①①在介词后面: I’m thinking ofwe should go fishing. We are worried aboutit will rain tomorrow. ②②在动词不定式前(whether to do sth.) : They asked meto go skating. ③③当与 or not 连用,或提出两种选择时: I don’t knowhe’s free or not. Mary askedI was doing my homework or not. 1 Tell meyou’d like to go shopping or tidy the room. ④④宾语从句提前时: this is true, I can’t say. Practice time:请为下列各个句子选用 if / whether 来填空。 1. I asked her ____________ she had a bike. 2. We’re worried about ____________ he is safe. 3. I wonder ____________ he is well. 4. I don’t know ____________ or not he is well. 5. I don’t know ___________ to go. 3.由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾 语从句。 注:当宾语从句是特殊疑问句充当时,特殊疑问句的疑问词作引导词连接主句和从句, 并在从句中担任句子成分, 具有一定的意义,不可省略,且要将疑问句语序改为陈述句 语序。 Practice time 1. Do you know_________________________________?(Who are they waiting for?) 2. Do you know ________________________________?(When will we have a meeting?) 3. Please tell me _______________________________. (Where is he ?) 4. Can you tell me _______________________________?(How can I get to the station?) 5. Could you tell me _____________________________?(Why is the train late?) 6. He asked ________________________________. (Who could answer the question?) 7. He asked________________________________. (Whose bike was the best in the class?) 难点突破难点突破:有些特殊疑问句的特殊疑问词本身就是句子的主语, 因此,它的语序已经是 陈述句语序,做宾语从句时,语序方面不需要改变。 Can you tell me what is over there?He asks who can answer the question. 主语主语 思考:He asked me ___________________________ . A. who planned to go to the park with him B. that I would go to the park with him C. how could he to the park D. when I will go the the park with him 2 否定的转移否定的转移 注意:----若主句谓语动词为 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等, 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义, 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上, 从句谓语用肯定 式。 (1)我认为这条裙子不适合你穿。 错误的表达:I think this dress doesn’t fit you well. 正确的表达:. (2)我认为你是不对的。 错误的表达:I think you are not right. 正确的表达:. (3)我认为你今天无法完成工作。 错误的表达:I believe you will not finish the work today. 正确的表达:. 3. 3.时态:时态:①①主过从也过;主过从也过;②②主现从任意;主现从任意;③③客观真理更好记客观真理更好记 ①主过从也过:如果主句是过去的时态