英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分英语句子成分 1． 主语主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物， 是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、 名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing.（代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing.（动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） 2．谓语谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English.He is asleep. 3．表语表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状 态和特征。 He is a teacher.The cake tastes delicious. He looks tired.He became mad after that. 系动词系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义， 但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语 的状况、性质、特征等情况。 常见的系动词有: 1）状态系动词：be (am is are was were…) 2）持续系动词：keep, rest, remain, stay, stand, “保持” 3）表像系动词： seem, appear, look “看起来像“ 4）感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste, 5）变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run“变得” 6）终止系动词：prove, turn out, “证实“ 4．宾语．宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China.He hates you. I enjoy working with you. 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday.My father told me a story. 5. 补语补语 1）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. We will make them happy. I’ll have my bike repaired. 2） ．主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. 6．定语定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 He is a chemistry teacher.He is our friend. 7. 状语状语：用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或者句子。表示时间、 地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 简单句的五个基本句型简单句的五个基本句型 1. 主语＋谓语 (不及物动词 vi) She came．My head aches. 2. 主语＋谓语（及物动词 vt） ＋宾语 She likes English. 3. 主语＋系动词 ＋表语She is happy． 4. 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 She gave John a book． 5. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补 She makes her mother angry． 6. There be 句型 There are 60 students in our class. There are 5 people in my family. 练习：划分以下句子成分并判断是什么句型。 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. All of us considered him honest. 3. My grandfather bought me a new computer. 4. I feel better now. 5. Tees turn green when spring comes. 6. They pushed the door open. 7. He will come here tomorrow. 8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 9. He asked us to sing an English song. 10. We will make our school more beautiful. 11. The food goes bad now. 12. He seems sad. 13. My brothers are doctors. 14. They don’ t know what to say. 15. You should study hard. 16. There are many things to do. 语法填空解题技巧语法填空解题技巧 1 1．纯空格试题．纯空格试题( (无括号提示无括号提示) ) (1)缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)； (2)名词前面，若没有限定词，一般填冠词、形容词性物主代 词或 some, any, other, another 等限定词； (3)在句子不缺主语、宾语或表语的情况下，名词或代词前面， 一定是填介词； (4)若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词； (5)若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词， 也没有分 号或句号，一定是填连词； (6)若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文 时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或 倒装的助动词(do, does, did 等)； (7)在冠词后，一定是名词或 one(s), other(s)等代词。 2. 给出了动词的试题， （1）看有没有固定搭配、位于介词之后、词性转换等。 （2）判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。 a. 若句中没有别的谓语动词，所给动词就是谓语动词； b. 若句中已有谓语