2020高考英语一轮复习板块2需要变形的名词、数词、形容词和副词第1讲名词和数词教学案新人教版

第第 1 1 讲讲名词和数词名词和数词 [全国卷考情分析] 题型典题试做 1 1．．(20182018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day ofrunning reduced the risk of heart 语 法 填 空 disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)． 2 2 ． (2018·2018· 全 国 卷 ⅡⅡ)Thisswitchhas decreasedpollution(pollute)inthe country s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 3 3 ． (2018·2018· 全 国 卷 ⅢⅢ)I mascientist (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 1 1．．(2018·2018·全国卷ⅠⅠ)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house toraisedozensofchicken.chicken → chickens 短 文 改 错 2 2．(2018·2018·全国卷ⅡⅡ)When I was little, Friday snightwasourfamilygame night.Friday s→Friday 3 3． (20172017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides， they often get someusefulinationsfromthe Internet.inations→ination 4 4．(20172017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.eighteen→eighteenth 1 1．．可数名词单复数的错用； 2 2．混淆名词的可数与不可数； 3 3．考查序数词和基数词的基本用 法。 1 1．．给出名词提示词，考查名词的 数； 2 2．不同词性和词形之间的相互变 化。 命题解读 考点一 [题组试做] 名词的数 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1 1．(20192019·福州四校联考)I have noticed how the music can change one s view, and I am thankful for the way musicians work to the best of their (able) to provide this music for their audience. abilitiesabilities[考查词性转换。根据空前的 their 可知，空处应用名词形式，且 ability 作“能力”讲时为可数名词，结合语境可知，应用其复数形式，故填abilities。to the best of one s ability “竭尽全力”。] 2 2．(20192019·沈阳质量监测一)China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “four great new(invent)”—highspeed rail,electronic payment, shared bicycle, and online shopping. inventionsinventions[考查名词和名词的数。前面有 four great new 修饰，故用其对应名词的 复数形式，故填 inventions。] 3 3．(20192019·陕西质量检测一)Like many other (university) at that time, the Harvard at the early stage often ran into financial crisis. The school board often had to go to Europe to raise (donate), but as you can predict, they often came back with their hands empty. universitiesuniversities[考查名词的复数形式。句意：和当时的其他许多大学一样， 早期的哈佛 大学经常遭遇金融危机。university 为可数名词，此处表示“其他许多大学”，故用其复数 形式。] donationdonation(s s)[考查名词。句意：学校董事会经常不得不去欧洲筹集捐款，但正如你所 能预测的，他们经常空手而归。根据该句中的及物动词 raise 可知，空处作此及物动词的宾 语，故用名词形式。] Ⅱ.单句改错 4 4．(20192019·太原阶段测评)It is one of the official language of the United Nations to develop more effective communication. language→languageslanguage→languages[考查固定用法。“one of＋可数名词复数”为固定用法，故此 处应用名词复数形式。] 5 5．(20192019·合肥第一次质量检测)My favourite sport is swimming, so I decided to go swimming in the sea one afternoon with my friend, Wang Fei and Li Lei. friend→friendsfriend→friends[考查名词单复数。根据该句中的“Wang Fei and Li Lei”可知，作 者和两个朋友一起去游泳了。friend 为可数名词，故用复数形式。] [要点解读] 名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词有单数和复数之分， 不可数名词没有单复数之分。 一、可数名词的数 可数名词都有单数和复数之分。 (一)名词复数的规则变化 变化规则 一般情况加 s 例词 map—maps；girl—girls； house—houses；mouth—mouths class—classes；box—boxes； 以s，x， sh， ch 结尾的加es brush—brushes；match—matches， 但是 stomach(胃)的复数是 stomachs； ox(公牛)的复数是 oxen “辅音字母＋y” 结尾的变 y 为 i 加es city—cities；country—countries； party—part