同济大学普通化学一章、二章习题答案详细
普通化学(新教材)习题参考答案 第一章化学反应的基本规律 (习题 P50-52) 16 解(1)H2O( l )==H2O(g) 1 fH m / kJmol285.83241.82 11 S69.91188.83 m / Jmol k 1 rH= 44.01 kJmol1 m (298k) = [241.82(285.83) ] kJmol 11 r S= 118.92 Jmol1k1 m (298k) = (188.8369.91) Jmol k ( 2 )∵是等温等压变化 1 ∴ Qp=rH m (298k) N=44.01 kJmol 2mol=88.02 kJ W= PV = nRT=2 8.315 Jk1mol1 298k = 4955.7 J = 4.956 kJ (或 4.96kJ ) ∴ U= Q p + W =88.02 kJ 4.96kJ=83.06 kJ 17 解(1)N2(g)+2O2(g) ==2 NO2 (g) 1 fH0033.2 m / kJmol 11 S191.6205.14240.1 m / Jmol k 1 ∴ rH 2= 66.4 kJmol1 m (298k) = 33.2 kJmol 111111 r S m (298k) = ( 240.1 Jmol k ) 2 (205.14 Jmol k ) 2 191.6 Jmol k = 121.68 Jmol1k1 (2) 3 Fe(s) + 4H2O (l) == Fe3O4 (s )+4 H2(g) 1 fH0285.831118.40 m / kJmol 11 S m / Jmol k27.369.91146.4130.68 11∴rH m (298k) = [1118.4 (285.83 4 ) ] kJmol = 24.92 kJmol 11 r S m (298k) = [(130.68 4 + 146.4 ) (27.3 3 + 69.91 4 )] Jmol k = ( 669.12 361.54 ) Jmol1k1=307.58 Jmol1k1 1 18. 解:2Fe2O3 (s)+ 3C (s ,石墨)==4 Fe (s) + 3 CO2 (g) 1 fH(298k)/ kJmol 824.2 m 11 S m (298k)/ Jmol k87.45.7427.3 1 fG(298k)/ kJmol742.2 m ∵ rG m = rH m T • r S m ∴ 301.32 kJmol1= 467.87 kJmol1 298 k•r S m 11 ∴r S m = 558.89 Jmol k 111111 ∴ r S = 3 S ( CO (g) 298k) + 27.3 Jmol k 4 87.4 Jmol k 2 5.74 Jmol k 3 2 mm 1111∴S m ( CO2(g) 298k) = 1/3 (558.89 +192.02 109.2 ) Jmol k = 213.90 Jmol k fH m (298k, C (s ,石墨))=0fG m (298k, C (s ,石墨))=0 fH m (298k, Fe (s))=0fG m (298k, Fe (s))=0 rH m =3fH m (298k, CO2(g) ) 2fH m (298k, Fe2O3 (s) ) 1 467.87 kJmol1 =3fH m (298k, CO2(g) ) 2 ( 824.2 kJmol ) 11∴fH m (298k, CO2(g) ) = 1/3 (467.871648.4) kJmol = 393.51 kJmol 同理 rG m =3fG m (298k, CO2(g) ) 2fG m (298k, Fe2O3 (s) ) 1 301.32 kJmol1 = 3fG m (298k, CO2(g) ) 2 (742.2 kJmol ) 1∴fG = 394.36 kJmol1 m (298k, CO2(g) ) = 1/3 (301.32 1484.4 ) kJmol 19.解6CO2(g)+6H2O(l) ==C6H12O6(s) +6O2(g) 1 fG m (298k) kJmol394.36237.18902.90 11 ∴ rG0 m (298k) = [ 902.9 (237.18 6 ) (394.36 6 ) ]kJmol = 4692.14 kJmol 所以这个反应不能自发进行。 2 20.解(1)4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) == 4NO(g)+6H2O(l) 1 f G(298k) /kJmol16.4086.57237.18 m 11∴rG m (298k) =[ (237.18) 6 + 86.57 4 (16.4) 4 ] kJmol = 1011.2 kJmol 0 ∴ 此反应不能自发进行。 21.解 (1)MgCO3(s) == MgO(s)+CO2(g) 1 fH1111.88601.6393.51 m (298k)/ kJmol 11 S m (298k)/ Jmol k65.627.0213.8 1 f G m (298k) / kJmol1028.28569.3394.36 1 ∴ rH m (298k) = [ 601.6 + (393.51) (1111.88)] = 116.77 kJmol 11 rS m (298k) = [ 213.8+ 27.0 65.6] = 175.2 Jmol k 1 rG m (298K) = [ (394.36) +(569.3)(1028.28)] = 64.62 kJmol 111 (2)rG m (1123K) = rH m (298k)T rS m (298k) = 116.77 kJmol 1123k 175.2 Jmol k = 116.77 kJmol1196.75 kJmol1 = 79.98 kJmol1 又 ∵ RTlnK(1123k)= rG m (1123k) ∴ 8.315 Jmol1k11123 kln K(1123k) = (