同济大学普通化学一章、二章习题答案详细
普通化学(新教材)习题参考答案 第一章化学反应的基本规律 习题 P50-52) 16 解(1)H2O l H2Og 1 fH m / kJmol285.83241.82 11 S69.91188.83 m / Jmol k 1 rH 44.01 kJmol1 m 298k [241.82285.83 ] kJmol 11 r S 118.92 Jmol1k1 m 298k 188.8369.91 Jmol k 2 ∵是等温等压变化 1 ∴ QprH m 298k N44.01 kJmol 2mol88.02 kJ W PV nRT2 8.315 Jk1mol1 298k 4955.7 J 4.956 kJ 或 4.96kJ ∴ U Q p W 88.02 kJ 4.96kJ83.06 kJ 17 解(1)N2(g)2O2(g) 2 NO2 g 1 fH0033.2 m / kJmol 11 S191.6205.14240.1 m / Jmol k 1 ∴ rH 2 66.4 kJmol1 m 298k 33.2 kJmol 111111 r S m 298k 240.1 Jmol k 2 205.14 Jmol k 2 191.6 Jmol k 121.68 Jmol1k1 2 3 Fes 4H2O l Fe3O4 s 4 H2g 1 fH0285.831118.40 m / kJmol 11 S m / Jmol k27.369.91146.4130.68 11∴rH m 298k [1118.4 285.83 4 ] kJmol 24.92 kJmol 11 r S m 298k [130.68 4 146.4 27.3 3 69.91 4 ] Jmol k 669.12 361.54 Jmol1k1307.58 Jmol1k1 1 18. 解2Fe2O3 s 3C s ,石墨4 Fe s 3 CO2 g 1 fH298k/ kJmol 824.2 m 11 S m 298k/ Jmol k87.45.7427.3 1 fG298k/ kJmol742.2 m ∵ rG m rH m T r S m ∴ 301.32 kJmol1 467.87 kJmol1 298 kr S m 11 ∴r S m 558.89 Jmol k 111111 ∴ r S 3 S CO g 298k 27.3 Jmol k 4 87.4 Jmol k 2 5.74 Jmol k 3 2 mm 1111∴S m CO2g 298k 1/3 558.89 192.02 109.2 Jmol k 213.90 Jmol k fH m 298k, C s ,石墨0fG m 298k, C s ,石墨0 fH m (298k, Fe s)0fG m (298k, Fe s)0 rH m 3fH m 298k, CO2g 2fH m 298k, Fe2O3 s 1 467.87 kJmol1 3fH m 298k, CO2g 2 824.2 kJmol 11∴fH m 298k, CO2g 1/3 467.871648.4 kJmol 393.51 kJmol 同理 rG m 3fG m 298k, CO2g 2fG m 298k, Fe2O3 s 1 301.32 kJmol1 3fG m 298k, CO2g 2 742.2 kJmol 1∴fG 394.36 kJmol1 m 298k, CO2g 1/3 301.32 1484.4 kJmol 19.解6CO2g6H2O(l) C6H12O6s 6O2(g) 1 fG m 298k kJmol394.36237.18902.90 11 ∴ rG0 m 298k [ 902.9 237.18 6 394.36 6 ]kJmol 4692.14 kJmol 所以这个反应不能自发进行。 2 20.解14NH3g 5O2g 4NOg6H2Ol 1 f G298k /kJmol16.4086.57237.18 m 11∴rG m 298k [ 237.18 6 86.57 4 16.4 4 ] kJmol 1011.2 kJmol 0 ∴ 此反应不能自发进行。 21.解 (1)MgCO3s MgOsCO2g 1 fH1111.88601.6393.51 m 298k/ kJmol 11 S m 298k/ Jmol k65.627.0213.8 1 f G m 298k / kJmol1028.28569.3394.36 1 ∴ rH m 298k [ 601.6 393.51 1111.88] 116.77 kJmol 11 rS m 298k [ 213.8 27.0 65.6] 175.2 Jmol k 1 rG m 298K [ 394.36 569.31028.28] 64.62 kJmol 111 2rG m 1123K rH m 298kT rS m 298k 116.77 kJmol 1123k 175.2 Jmol k 116.77 kJmol1196.75 kJmol1 79.98 kJmol1 又 ∵ RTlnK1123k rG m 1123k ∴ 8.315 Jmol1k11123 kln K1123k