被动语态讲解及练习附答案
被动语态讲解及练习 一、一、 主动语态与被动语态的概念:主动语态与被动语态的概念: 例:⑴例:⑴WeWelistentolistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.theteachercarefullyinclass. 主谓宾主谓宾 →→TheteacherTheteacherislistenedtoislistenedtobyuscarefullyinclass.byuscarefullyinclass. 主主谓谓介词短语介词短语 ⑵W⑵Welaughedathim.elaughedathim. →→HeHewaslaughedatwaslaughedatbyus.byus. 二:二: 时态动词的被动形式时态动词的被动形式例例句句 一般现在时一般现在时 isdoneisdoneHeisaskedtodothis.Heisaskedtodothis. 一般过去时一般过去时 wasdonewasdoneThestorywastoldbyhermother.Thestorywastoldbyhermother. 一般将来时一般将来时 willbedonewillbedoneTheproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow. 现在进行时现在进行时 isbeingdoneisbeingdoneThenovelisbeingwritten.Thenovelisbeingwritten. 过去进行时过去进行时 wasbeingdonewasbeingdoneAtthattimethedeskwasbeingmade.Atthattimethedeskwasbeingmade. 现在完成时现在完成时 hasbeendonehasbeendoneThehousehasbeenbuilt.Thehousehasbeenbuilt. 过去完成时过去完成时 hadbeendonehadbeendoneTheysaidthattheirworkhadbeenfinished.Theysaidthattheirworkhadbeenfinished. 过去将来时过去将来时 wouldbedonewouldbedoneHesaidthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon.Hesaidthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon. 三、被动语态的各种句型:三、被动语态的各种句型: 1、T1、Thesongislikedbyyoungpeople.(hesongislikedbyyoungpeople.(肯定句肯定句) ) 2、T2、Thesongisnhesongisn’’tlikedbyyoungpeopletlikedbyyoungpeople(否定句)(否定句) 3、3、Isthesonglikedbyyoungpeople?Isthesonglikedbyyoungpeople?(一般疑问句)(一般疑问句) 4、4、Whoisthesonglikedby?=Bywhomisthesongliked?Whoisthesonglikedby?=Bywhomisthesongliked?(特殊疑问句)(特殊疑问句) - -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考来源网络,仅供个人学习参考 四、主动语态改被动语态的方法:四、主动语态改被动语态的方法: 方法分为三步:⑴把原句中的方法分为三步:⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语宾语改成主语 ⑵动词改为变动形式⑵动词改为变动形式 bedone(bedone(同时注意时态同时注意时态) ) ⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词 byby 后面,以指明做事的后面,以指明做事的 人或物,如果没有必要则省去人或物,如果没有必要则省去 例:例:Themankilledatiger.Themankilledatiger. →→Atigerwaskilledbytheman.(Atigerwaskilledbytheman.(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面) ) 五、特殊句型的被动语态:五、特殊句型的被动语态: 1 1 含有含有使役动词使役动词 ((make/let/havemake/let/have)) 或感官动词或感官动词 ((hear,see,listento,lookat,find,watch,feelhear,see,listento,lookat,find,watch,feel 等)等)的句子,在主动语态中这些词后的句子,在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带常跟不带 toto 的动词不定式的动词不定式,但是在,但是在改成被动语改成被动语 态时态时,, 则则一定要把省去的一定要把省去的 toto 再加上去再加上去,, 另外另外 helphelp 这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词 不定式可以带不定式可以带 to,to,也可不带也可不带 to,to,但在但在被动语态被动语态中也中也必须把必须把 toto 加上去加上去。。 例:①例:①MotheroftenMotheroftenmakesmakesmemedodosomehousework.somehousework. →→I Iamamoftenoftenmadetodomadetodosomehouseworkbymother.somehouseworkbymother. ②②WeWesawsawhimhimrunintorunintotheclassroom.theclassroom. →→HeHewasseentowasseentorunintotheclassroombyus.runintotheclassroombyus. 2. 2.带双宾语的被动语态:带双宾语的被动语态:teach,give,pass,show,buy,tellteach,give,pass,show,buy,tell 例:①S例:①Shegavemeapen.=Shegaveapentome.hegavemeapen.=Shegaveapentome. →→Iwasgivenapenbyher.Iwasgivenapenbyher. →→Apenwasgiventomebyher.Apenwasgiventomebyher. ②②Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.=Myfatherboughtanewbikee.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.=Myfatherboughtanewbikee. - -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考来源网络,仅供个人学习参考 →→Iwasboughtanewbikebymyfather.Iwasboughtanewbikebymyfather. →→Anewbikewasboughtebymyfather.Anewbikewasboughtebymyfather. 3 3 由不及物动词(由不及物动词(vi vi))+ +介词介词/ /副词+宾语的句子改成被动语态时,