英语写作中十种常见语言错误研究
英语写作中十种常见语言错误研究 纵观近年高考英语写作题,题材一般是热点话题、 社会现象、日常生活、学校生活、人际关系等。一般来说, 尽管每年的写作话题或题材各不相同,但考生在写作过程中 所犯的错误却是基本一致的。下面,我们对2013年广东高 考英语写作题考生出现的语言错误进行分析归纳,希望能对 各位同学有所帮助。 一、中国式英语(Chinglish) 一些考生写作中往往先用汉语打腹稿,再把汉语一句句 机械地转换成英语,带有明显的汉语痕迹,因此表达很别扭, 不地道。 [例 1] Everywhere can see the shadow of cleaners. 分析:考生受母语负迁移的影响,分不清动作的发出者, 也就是主语。 改为:Cleaners can be seen/ found everywhere. ( 或 It is not unusual to see cleaners clean the streets.) 到处都可以见到清洁工。 [例 2] We very respect ordinary workers. 分析:“very” 一般可用于修饰形容词,如very happy, 但切忌修饰动词。 改为:We respect ordinary workers very much. (或 We have the greatest respect for ordinary workers.) 我们非常尊重普通劳动者。 二、句子结构不完整(Sentence Fragments) 在口语中,交际双方可借助手势等,不完整的句子是完 全可以被理解的,可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会 令意思表达不清。因此要牢牢掌握基本的句法知识。 简单句:只包含一个主谓结构的句子 并列句:主谓结构+连词(and, but, so, or.) +主谓结构 复合句:引导词+主谓结构,主谓结构 (从句)(主句) 但有的考生没有很好掌握这些基本结构,常缺少连接词 或引导词。 [例 3] There are many people do ordinary but important jobs. 分析:因there are.本身是一个句子,后面又出现 谓语动词d。,而这个动词又没有主语,句子结构不完整。考 生使用there be结构时,经常会犯类似的错误。 改为:There are many people who do ordinary but important jobs.或 There are many people doing ordinary but important jobs.有许多人做着普通而又重要的工作。 [例 4] The weather was terrible, they still had to get up early to clean the streets. 分析:逗号前后各有一个主谓结构,即共有两个句子, 而两个句子之间缺少连词。切记:并列句由“主谓结构+并 列连词+主谓结构“构成。 改为:The weather was terrible, but they still had to get up early to clean the streets.虽然天气很糟糕, 但是他们依然不得不很早就起床清扫街道。 [例 5] Some experts think that the living conditions on the Mars are hard. Because it is difficult for volunteers to face the cold weather, loneliness and fear. 分析: 因 Because it is difficult for volunteers to face the cold weather, loneliness and fear.“ 不是 一个完整的句子,仅为一个由because引出的原因状语从句, 缺少了主句。复合句由“主句+连词+从句”或“连词+从句+ 主句”构成。 改为:Some experts think that the living conditions on the Mars are hard because it is difficult for volunteers to face the cold weather, loneliness and fear.有的专家认为,火星上的生活条件太艰苦,面临严寒 气候、孤独和恐惧。 [例 6] The volunteers must willing to get on well with others. 分析:因情态动词must后要接动词原形,并跟动词原 形一起构成谓语,但句中willing是形容词,句子成分残缺, 没有完整谓语动词。 改为:The volunteers must be willing to get on well with others.志愿者必须愿意与他人友好相处。 [例 7] Some volunteers believe that they will be the heroes of human beings if succeed. 分析:if从句成分不全,缺少主语。 改为:Some volunteers believe that they will be the heroes of human beings if they succeed. 有的志愿者认 为,如果他们成功了,他们就是人类的英雄。三、 悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers) 所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关 系混乱不清。 [例 8] At the age of four, her mother became a laid-off worker and had to earn her living by working as a street cleaner. 分析:句中at the age of four只点出“四岁时“, 但没有说明“谁”四岁,按一般推理不可能是her mother, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解 了。 改为:When she was four (years old), her mother became a laid-off worker and had to earn her living by working as a street cleaner. 当她四岁时,她的母亲成 了下岗工人,不得不做街道清洁工来谋生。 [例 9] To be a volunteer, a good relationship with other people is essential. 分析:句中不定式短语“to be a volunteer的逻辑 主语不清楚。 改为:To be a volunteer, you should be willing to keep a good relationship with other