英语写作中十种常见语言错误研究

英语写作中十种常见语言错误研究 纵观近年高考英语写作题，题材一般是热点话题、 社会现象、日常生活、学校生活、人际关系等。一般来说， 尽管每年的写作话题或题材各不相同，但考生在写作过程中 所犯的错误却是基本一致的。下面，我们对2013年广东高 考英语写作题考生出现的语言错误进行分析归纳，希望能对 各位同学有所帮助。 一、中国式英语Chinglish 一些考生写作中往往先用汉语打腹稿，再把汉语一句句 机械地转换成英语，带有明显的汉语痕迹，因此表达很别扭, 不地道。 [例 1] Everywhere can see the shadow of cleaners. 分析考生受母语负迁移的影响，分不清动作的发出者, 也就是主语。 改为Cleaners can be seen/ found everywhere. 或 It is not unusual to see cleaners clean the streets. 到处都可以见到清洁工。 [例 2] We very respect ordinary workers. 分析“very” 一般可用于修饰形容词，如very happy, 但切忌修饰动词。 改为We respect ordinary workers very much. （或 We have the greatest respect for ordinary workers. 我们非常尊重普通劳动者。 二、句子结构不完整Sentence Fragments 在口语中，交际双方可借助手势等，不完整的句子是完 全可以被理解的，可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会 令意思表达不清。因此要牢牢掌握基本的句法知识。 简单句只包含一个主谓结构的句子 并列句主谓结构连词and, but, so, or... 主谓结构 复合句引导词主谓结构，主谓结构 从句主句 但有的考生没有很好掌握这些基本结构，常缺少连接词 或引导词。 [例 3] There are many people do ordinary but important jobs. 分析因there are...本身是一个句子，后面又出现 谓语动词d。，而这个动词又没有主语，句子结构不完整。考 生使用there be结构时，经常会犯类似的错误。 改为There are many people who do ordinary but important jobs.或 There are many people doing ordinary but important jobs.有许多人做着普通而又重要的工作。 [例 4] The weather was terrible, they still had to get up early to clean the streets. 分析逗号前后各有一个主谓结构，即共有两个句子， 而两个句子之间缺少连词。切记并列句由“主谓结构并 列连词主谓结构构成。 改为The weather was terrible, but they still had to get up early to clean the streets.虽然天气很糟糕， 但是他们依然不得不很早就起床清扫街道。 [例 5] Some experts think that the living conditions on the Mars are hard. Because it is difficult for volunteers to face the cold weather, loneliness and fear. 分析 因 Because it is difficult for volunteers to face the cold weather, loneliness and fear. 不是 一个完整的句子，仅为一个由because引出的原因状语从句， 缺少了主句。复合句由“主句连词从句”或“连词从句 主句”构成。 改为Some experts think that the living conditions on the Mars are hard because it is difficult for volunteers to face the cold weather, loneliness and fear.有的专家认为，火星上的生活条件太艰苦，面临严寒 气候、孤独和恐惧。 [例 6] The volunteers must willing to get on well with others. 分析因情态动词must后要接动词原形，并跟动词原 形一起构成谓语，但句中willing是形容词，句子成分残缺, 没有完整谓语动词。 改为The volunteers must be willing to get on well with others.志愿者必须愿意与他人友好相处。 [例 7] Some volunteers believe that they will be the heroes of human beings if succeed. 分析if从句成分不全，缺少主语。 改为Some volunteers believe that they will be the heroes of human beings if they succeed. 有的志愿者认 为，如果他们成功了，他们就是人类的英雄。三、 悬垂修饰语Dangling Modifiers 所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关 系混乱不清。 [例 8] At the age of four, her mother became a laid-off worker and had to earn her living by working as a street cleaner. 分析句中at the age of four只点出“四岁时， 但没有说明“谁”四岁，按一般推理不可能是her mother, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解 了。 改为When she was four years old, her mother became a laid-off worker and had to earn her living by working as a street cleaner. 当她四岁时，她的母亲成 了下岗工人，不得不做街道清洁工来谋生。 [例 9] To be a volunteer, a good relationship with other people is essential. 分析句中不定式短语“to be a volunteer的逻辑 主语不清楚。 改为To be a volunteer, you should be willing to keep a good relationship with other