句子结构成分分析讲解加练习完整版
I.根据结构划分:①简单句 S+V (主+谓) S+V+P(主+谓+表) S+V+O (主+谓+宾) S+V+o+O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 并列句and, but, or 复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表, 同) 副词从句(状语从句) 形容词从句(定语从句) II.根据功能划分:陈述句 疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问 句,修辞疑问句) 祈使句 感叹句 I. 常用作连系动词: ①变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow,, turn 口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow;颜色、天气大不同turn; Get\ become 口语化,如果要说就用它. 口诀解读: Come 一般表示事物由坏变好,结果是好的。 如:Dreams come true.梦想成真。 Go 一般表示事物由好变坏,结果是不好的。 如:It s such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.今天太热了,菜都馒了。 Grow表示逐渐变化,强调的是缓慢变化的过程,后面往往接表示天气或外貌变 化的静态形容词。 如:I want to grow old with you.我想和你一起慢慢变老。 Run与grow是对应的,其主语多为能流动,能消耗的东西。 如:Still water runs deep.静水深流。 Turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词,侧重于表达与之前大不相同。 如:The weather suddenly turned hot.天气突然变热了。 In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 春天树变绿 了,花开 了。 II.代双宾语的动词 “七给” 一 “带” to不少,“买”画“制作” for来了。 1、“七给“(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8 个及物动词, 在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt・ + sth. + to + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.类似动词 的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借), pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach 等 2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须 在后边加“for”,构成 “vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。 如:Mother bought a new dress for me。类彳以的动词还有:build, choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购),reach 等。 反意疑问句 附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说得事实和观点提出疑问。 一般来说有两种形式:陈述肯定,则所附问句否定;陈述句否定,则所附问句肯 定。 The Embarrassed Magician. Magician (to youngster he has called up on the stage): Now, my boy, you have never seen me before, have you? Boy: No Daddy. You have completed that job, haven t you? You have not completed that job, have you? 祈使句: 用以表示请求,命令,劝告,建议等语气的句子。 主语You常省略,只以动词原形开头。 一般没有时态变化,不与情态动词连用。 Stop bugging me. Don t judge a book by its cover. Don t get me wrong. Let s just have a rest. Let s hope for the best. Let bygones be bygones Make hay while sun shines. 感叹句: 主要由what和how来引导。 What结构主要有两种 A、What a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+谓语部分! What a lovely boy he is! B. What+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分! What foolish mistakes you have made. What nice weather (it is)! How结构主要有一种: A. How+形容词/副词+主谓部分 How lovely the boy is! How fast the time flies! B. How+主谓部分(实义动词做谓语) How I hate exam!我真烦考试! How he snores!他鼾声如雷! (二)practice 2.分析下列句子成分,并判断句子结构类型。 Time flies by. I m on a diet. I own you one. It slipped my mind. Old habits die hard. I enjoy your company. I can t stand the heat. Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun. He speaks English well. Teachers will make your English better. They found the dead boy. They found the boy dead. I found the book easily. I found the book easy. Tom found Jim an apartment. We found John a loyal friend. I will find you a good teacher. She will make him a good wife. She will make him a good husband.