3精品高中英语语法限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
中学英语语法通霸3: 怎样区分限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开 意义上 是先行词不行缺少的定语,起“指定是哪一个”的作用,去掉后句意不完整 是对先行词的补充说明,删除后句子意思仍完整 译法上 翻译成先行词的定语,“……的……” 通常翻译成主句的并列句 关系词的运用上 A. 作宾语时可省略; B.可用that; C. 可用who代替whom;D.可用why A. 不行省; B. 不用that; C. 不用who代替whom; D. why要换为for which 考点1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区分 A. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,及先行词之间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号及主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不行用that引导。如: ① This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) ② The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很美丽,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性) ③ I lost my money that day, for which I had to walk home. (非限制性,for which不能换为why,which代指前面 “I lost my money that day.”这句话) ④ He met with a pretty girl in the park, whom he fell in love at first sight. (非限制性,whom不能换为who) B. 当先行词是专出名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如: ① Charles Smith, who was my er teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。 ② My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我的房子,去年买的,带着个美丽的花园。 ③ This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。 练习 翻译下列句子,留意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意思上的区分。 1. He has a brother who is a physicist. He has a brother, who is a physicist. 2. He returned all the books which are written in English. He returned all the books, which are written in English. 3. The man who lives next door is a doctor. My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor. 4. A student who studies hard will make good progress. The student, who lives far from school, is the captain of their football team. 考点2. as, which引导的非限制性定语从句 A. as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较敏捷,可以位于主句前面、中间或后面,一般用逗号及主句隔开;但which所引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首。 As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (as指代整个句子,作主语,置于句首) He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (as 指代整个句子,作主语,置于句末) Taiwan , as you know, is a part of China. (as指代整个句子,作宾语,置于句中) He has to work on Sunday, which he doesn’t like. (which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面) B. as引导非限制性定语从句,常带有“正如”。当从句为否定时不能用as。 She failed the exam again, as was unexpected. × She failed the exam again, which was unexpected. √ C. as, which 可指代整个主句,也可指代主句的一部分。 He was very happy, as could be seen from the look on his face. ( as指代前面整个主句) He claimed he could speak three foreign languages, which is not true. (which指代“he could speak three foreign languages”,指代前面一句话的一部分) D. as is often the case是常用说法,意为“像平常那样;正如常常发生的那样”,只能用as,不能用which。 1. 【2019四川】After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling, ______ turned out to be a wise decision. A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where 2. Eric received training in computer for one year, ______ he found a job in a big company. A. after thatB. after which C. after itD. after this 3. You were very impolite to him, for ______ you should make an apology to him, I think. A. thisB. whichC. whatD. that 4. His movie won several awards at the film q329950885 festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it