小学英语教学法笔记

====Word行业资料分享--可编辑版本--双击可删==== Unit 1Unit 1Children as Language Learners.Children as Language Learners. Children learn their first languageChildren learn their first language □ by imitations. □ by repetitions. □ by singing songs and saying rhymes. □ by reciting poems. □ by being corrected by parents. □ by listening to stories. □ by learing language rules. □ by talking to oneself. □ by acting and pering. □ by talking about pictures. □ by watching television cartoons. □ by drawing and talking. □ by talking to others. □ by playing games. L Language learning process is a socializing process. Therefore, interaction and experimenting with the language in communication are very important factors for language development. C Children are very activeactive and creativecreative language learners. They can make sense of the world from what they see and hear and create their own utterances when there is a need for them to express their own ideas. We have all had the experience of learning both Chinese and English, Chinese as our first language(L1) and English as our foreign language(L2). Do you agree that the learing of English as a foreign language is more difficult than the learing of Chinese? Why is it so ? Think about the differences that exist between children learning their mother tongue and children learning a foreign language. Make a list of the differences in the spaces given below and discuss them with a partner. Then, think about the ways by which we can minimize the 源-于-网-络-收-集 ====Word行业资料分享--可编辑版本--双击可删==== differences so as to make the learning of another language easier and with more success. Exposure to language Time Learning context L1 Natural and adequate All day long Supportive,friendly,and tolerant L2What can we do? Types of Strategies for learings Motication for learing Natural and in context Listening before speaking Remain high for commu- nicative needs. Value of error correction Not very much value Support and guidance Opportunities for exp- eriments Feedback sEncouraging all the time Very patient and constant A lot of opportunities We can try to create a supportive situation and be tolerant to our learners’ errors when they are trying to communicate. We can provide more opportunities for children to hear the language before asking them to say the words and give them more chances to experiment with the language. We also can design activities which are interesting and motivating for children and encourage them to use the language in meaningful contexts. 母语习得(Child language Acquisition) 第一语言习得(First Language Acquisition) 源-于-网-络-收-集 ====Word行业资料分享--可编辑版本--双击可删==== 第二语言习得(Second Language Acquisition) 一 行为主义理论(Behaviorism) 代表人物: 斯金纳 Skinner 经过: 模仿(imitation)——强化(reinforcement)——成形(ation)\ 行为主义一度对外语教学产生了巨大影响 .二战期间,美国语言学家根据行为 主义理论创立了听说教学法(Audiolingual ) 二、认知理论 乔姆斯基（Chomsky）提出 “认知论”(Cognitive Theory). 这一理论认为,人 类大脑中具有一种适于学习语言的习得机制(Language Acquisition Device, 简 称 LAD). 认知论还认为:儿童语言是一个合法的受规律支配的系统 ,其发展是一个 在接纳输入材料的基础上进行假设