河南第八届翻译竞赛试题及参考译文--英语专业组

Life of Socrates Socrates was born in Athens, 469 B. C., the son of poor parents, his father being a sculptor, his mother a midwife. How he acquired an education, we do not know, but his love of knowledge evidently created opportunities in the cultured city for intellectual growth. He took up the occupation of his father, but soon felt “a divine vocation to examine himself by questioning other men.” It was his custom to engage in converse with all sorts and conditions of men and women, on the streets, in the market-place, in the gymnasia, discussing the most diverse topics: war, politics, marriage, friendship, love, housekeeping, the arts and trades, poetry, religion, science, and, particularly, moral matters. Nothing human was foreign to him. Life with all its interests became the subject of his inquiries, and only the physical side of the world left him cold; he declared that he could learn nothing from trees and stones. He was subtle and keen, quick to discover the fallacies in an argument and skillful in steering the conversation to the very heart of the matter. Though kindly and gentle in disposition, and brimming over with good humor, he delighted in exposing the quacks and humbugs of his time and pricking their empty bubbles with his wit. Socrates mplified in his conduct the virtues which he taught: he was a man of remarkable self-control, magnanimous, noble, frugal, and capable of great endurance; and his wants were few. He gave ample proof, during his life of seventy years, of physical and moral courage in war and in the perance of his political duties. Condemned by his own people, on a false charge of atheism and of corrupting the youth, to drink the poison hemlock (399 B. C.), he died as beautifully as he lived. 九旬院士台上拄拐作报告，90 后学生台下一片片睡到，一大早看到 新闻中这样的画面对比，真让人难过！有人说这像个笑话，不错，学 生素质沦落至此，品德教育失败至此，的确像个笑话。 发生这样的事情，大多数人都表示很气愤，而学生则成为众矢之的。 大家普遍认为，首先，一个人应该有起码的尊重知识的礼貌！退一步 讲，一个人应该有起码的尊重老人的礼貌！德高望重的老前辈以 92 岁高龄， 仍孜孜不倦， 为大家传道授业解惑， 作为后生， 怎好意思睡？ 其实不光听讲座，如今大学生课堂上睡觉、逃课也是家常便饭。这固 然有老师讲课不吸引人的原因， 可大学生个人素质的滑坡， 也着实堪 忧。老师讲的是做人道理， 学生想的是功名利禄；老师讲的是终身发 展，学生要的是急功近利； 老师讲的是如何走正道，学生想的是如何 走捷径。须知课堂上趴着，人生中很可能会趴下；课堂上睡倒的，不 仅仅是学生的身体，还有他们的教养、道德和灵魂。 此情此景，令人堪忧。千年的精气神若为物质充裕，而理想迷失，则 未来何处去？江山何人守？少年强则国强， 如果我们的少年都是这种 状态，如何能志存高远，身体力行？不但其个人发展令人堪忧，国家 的发展和民族的梦想也十分堪忧。 苏格拉底的生平（1 分） 1 苏格拉底于公元前 469 年生于雅典，父母是穷人。 （2 分）2 父 亲是雕刻家，母亲是助产士。 （2 分）3 他怎样受的教育，我们不得而 知。 （3 分）4 但他对知识的热爱，在这有文化的城市里显然为他的知 识增长创造了机会。 （3 分）5 他继承父业，不久感到“神谕要他借询 问别人来考察自己” 。 （3 分）6 他有一种习惯，在大街上、市场里和 运动场里同各种处于不同情况的男人和女人谈话， 讨论各式各样的问 题，如战争、政治、婚姻、友谊、爱情、家政、艺术、商业、诗歌、 宗教和科学，特别是道德问题。 （6 分） 7 他熟悉人类的一切事务，人生的各个方面都是他研究的课题。 （3 分）8 他只对物理世界不感兴趣，因为他宣称从树木和石头那里 学不到什么。 （3 分）9 他精明敏锐，能很快发现辩论中的谬误，善于 把谈话引到问题的核心。 （4 分）10 他虽然性情温和文雅，谈笑风生， 却喜欢揭露那时代的江湖骗子， 用他的智慧戳穿他们空虚的老底。 （5 分） 11 苏格拉底的行为体现他所教导的德性。（3 分） 12 他极为克己、 豪爽、高尚、勤俭，有很大的耐性，没什么欲望。 （4 分）13 在七十 年的一生中，在战争和执行政治任务时， 他在行动和精神上都表明他 很有勇气。 （3 分）14 因被诬告为不信神和腐蚀青年，他被国人判处 死刑，于公元前 399 年饮鸩而死。 （3 分）15 他死得像活着时一样壮 丽。 （2 分） Rows of students born in the 1990s fell asleep amid a presentation delivered by an academician in