初中九年级英语被动语态复习
九年级英语被动语态复习 一、被动语态概述一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关 系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示 主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动 语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及 物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被“、“受“、“给“等词来表示被 动意义。 如: He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。 (主动语态) The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。 (被动语态) 二、被动语态的构成二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词“构成。被动语态 的时态变化只改变 be 的形式, 过去分词部分不变。 疑问式和否定 式的变化也如此。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词 clean 为例列表 说明: 2、被动语态的句式变化: 以一般现在时和动词 invite 为例, 列表说明被动语态的句式变 化: 2、被动语态的句式变化: 以一般现在时和动词 invite 为例, 列表说明被动语态的句式变 化: 3、含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时 态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成, “be+过去分词“部分不变。 如: Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。 (一般过去时) Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句) 三、主动语态变为被动语态三、主动语态变为被动语态 转换图示: 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤: (1)将主动句的宾语变为主语: 注意: 如果主动句的宾语是代词, 需将其由宾格变为主格。 如: Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. (2)将动词改为“be+过去分词“。 注意: They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 (3)将主动语态的主语改为 be…放在谓语动词后。 注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项: 含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人) 的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两 种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意 系动词无被动语态:以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有: ① be 动词 ② ……起来 (7个) : look/seem/appear, feel(感觉, 摸起来), sound, smell, taste e.g. She seems/appears happy.It smells terrible. ③ (逐渐)变得/变成:become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. ④ 保持:keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 五、下列动词(词组)没有被动式:五、下列动词(词组)没有被动式: 1 1、、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, takehappen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take 2 2、、 不及物动词 sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock,sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear 等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。 1 、○An accident was happened yesterday. (×)昨天发生了一起 事故。 An accident happened yesterday. 2 、The flower smellssmells sweet.这花闻起来很香。○ 3 、The watch lookslooks good.这表看起来很好。○ 4 、This book sellssells well.这本书畅销。○ 5 、The kind of cloth washeswashes well. 这种布很容易洗。○ 6 、The article readsreads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。○ 7 、The supermarket opensopens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上○ 八点钟营业。 8 、The door won’t close/shut close/shut. 这门关不上。○ 9 、The door lockslocks easily. 这门容易锁。○ 10、This material wears well (won’t wear). 这种材料耐久(不 ○ 耐久) 六、各种时态的被动语态举例六、各种时态的被动语态举例(以动词 do 为例) 1.一般现在时(am/ is/ are +done) English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多 人都说英语。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day.学生们每天 都打扫教室。 2.一般过去时(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3. 一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 I thought thousands of people would be helped.我认为将有数千 人得到帮助。 4