英语常见词缀总结
英语常见词缀总结 1. 名词后缀 1 )-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor 2) -acy,表示“性质,状态,境遇” democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3) -ance, -ence 表示“性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4) -ancy, -ency,表示“性质,状态,行为,过程frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5) -bility,表示“动作,性质,状态,, possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6) -dom,表示“等级,领域,状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7) -hood,表示”资格,身份,年纪,状态“childhood, manhood, 8) -ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,表示“行为的过程,结果,状况“action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 9) -ism,表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为,5 socialism, criticism,, heroism 10) -ity,表示“性质,状态,程度purity, reality, ability 11) -ment,表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果“treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12) -ness,表示“性质,状态,程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 13) -ship,表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业55 hardship, membership, friendship 14) -th,表示“动作,性质,过程,状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 15) -tude,表示“性质,状态,程度” latitude, altitude(海拔) 16) -ure,表示“行为,结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续), 17-grapy,表示“学,写法 biography, calligraphy, geography 18) -ic, ics,表示“学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19) -ology,表示“学论“biology, zoology, technology (工艺学) 20) -nomy,表示“学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy (生态学) 2. 形容词后缀 (1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义 l) -able, -ible, visible, flexible 2) -ish, foolish, bookish, selfish (注意 accomplish, vanish 是动词) 3) -ive, active, sensitive, productive 4) -like, manlike, childlike 5) -ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 6) -some, troublesome, handsome 7) -ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 8) -ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 9) -ent, violent 10) -most, foremost, topmost 顶端的 11) -al natural national 1 l)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless 3 .动词后缀 1) -ize, ise,表示“做成,变成,化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 使系 统化 2) -en,表示“使成为,引起,使有quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3) -fy,表示“使化,使成“beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4) -ish,表示“使,令“finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5) -ate,表示“成为, 处理,作用“separate, operate, indicate 4. 副词后缀 (形容词)-ly: bad—badly 坏地/恶劣地,careful—carefully 小心地 -wise: clock—clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like-*likewise 同样地 -wards: out-*outwards 向外面地,north—northwards 向北方地 5. 否定前缀 dZs■主要加在名词、形容词,动词之前,dis-为否定前缀的词有:disadvantage缺点、dishonorable 不光彩的、disagree不同意,dislike, 常加在形容词,名词之前,如incorrect不正确的、inability无能 无力、inaccurate不准确 的等; 汕■加在字母m,b,p之前,这样的词有impossible不顺能的、impolite不礼貌的 〃■主要加在以1开头的单词的前边,比如:illegal非法的.illiterate文盲的 没有文化的illogical 不合逻辑的; 讣.放在以r开头的英语单词前面,比如:irregular不稳定的、irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable 不能分解的不能解决的; 主要放于名词,形容词,副词前面,常见的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted无疑 的、unemployment 失业;unfriendly 加在形容词、名词前,这样以non-为否定前缀的词有non-existence不存在;non-smoking 禁止吸烟的 而茶加在动词、名词前,例词misunderstand误解、misjudge误判、misleading误导、misfortune 不幸; 如.加在动词之前,例词有disappear消失、disarm解除武装、disconnect失去联系;disagree 不 同意, disappear, discover .加在名词、形容词前边。最常见的是anti-Japanese抗日战争、anti-social厌恶社会的 反 社--会的,anti-black