[精品]初三英语中考复习资料-11主谓一致
初三系列复习资料C11)主谓一致的考点集汇,讲解和训练 十一、主谓一致 【考点直击】 1. 语法一致的原则 2. 意义一致的原则 3. 邻近一致的原则 【名师点睛】 谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓 一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致的原则 C1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主 语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如: He goes to school early every morning. The children are playing outside. To work hard is necessary for a student. C2)由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例 如: Both he and I are right. Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用 单数。例如: His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. The poet and writer has come. (3) 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓 语动词要用单数形式。例如: In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help. (4) 主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but,except, besides, with等介词短语, 谓语动词仍用单数。例如: The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. (5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时, 谓语动词要用复数。例如: A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy. (6) 由each, some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用 单数。例如: Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. (7) 有两部分构成的物依的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: Where are my shoes? I can t find them. Your trousers are dirty. You d better change them. 如果这类名词前用了 a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单 复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如: Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 2. 意义一致的原则 Cl)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单 数。例如: Twenty years is not a long time. Ten dollars is too dear. (2) 有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓 语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如: My family is big one. My family are watching TV. (3) 不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词 表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名 词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语 动词用单数。例如: All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone. C4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义, 谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如: Who is your brother? Who are League members? C5) “分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of 后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动 词用单数。例如: It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. (6) half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义, 动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如: I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick. (7) 由what引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如 果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: What she said is correct. What she left me are a few old books. (8) 凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原 则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词 用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The dead is a famous person. 3. 邻近一致的原则 (1) 由连词 or, eitheror, neithernor, not only.but also,等连接的并 列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则, 与最靠近它的主语一致。例如: Either you or I am right. Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. (2)