unit5grammar学案牛津译林版八年级上册英语
8AU5 grammar 【知识梳理】 1. The horse is standing with its eyes closed. closed (adj.)关闭的 close (vt.)关闭 close (adj.)近的;亲密的 例:窗户是关着的,请你把它打开: 例:亲密的朋友 2. with the help of =with one s help 在的帮助下 例:在他的帮助下,我成功通过了考试(2种) 3. Did you know that bees never get lost? lost (adj.)迷路的,迷失的 =missing get lost = lose one s way 迷路 lose 失去,被 夺去;输掉(lose - lost - lost) loss丧失,损失;失败 例:当你迷路的时候,可以喊警察帮忙(2种)。 4. may的用法 1. 表推测,意为“可能,也许”,用于肯定句中。 2. 表请求、许可,意为“可以”。 注意:may表请求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时, 其否定回答用mustn t或can t,不用may not,意为“不可以,不允许,禁止“。 3. can和may均可用来表示征求意见或允许,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。 may的基本用法就是表示请求时的“可以”和猜测时的“可能”,但要再次强调may表示猜测时是 可以用在肯定句、否定句中的。另外,may引起的一般疑问句,其回答需要注意:肯定回答可以 使用may或者can都可以,但否定回答则不能用may not,只能用can t或者mustn t. 【例题精讲】 ■表示允许:可以 (1)一May/Might/Can I come in?我可以进来吗? 肯定回答一Yes, please./ Of course. /Yes, you can. 否定回答---No, you can t/mustn t. Please don t. (2)一May I go now?我可以去吗? 肯定回答一Yes, you may.可以。 否定回答一No, you mustnl/carft.不可以去。一YouM better not.你最好不去。 ⑶You may bring it back tomorrow.你可以明天把它带来。 You may not go there.你不可以去那里。 练习: ()1. There a book in the desk. A. may areB.may beC. may hasD.maybe ()2. 一 May I go now? 一 No, you. You stay here. A. needn t; have to B. needn t; must C. mustn t; have to D. mustn t; has to ()3. — I visit Lucy on Sunday, Mum? 一 Yes, you . A. Must; can B. May; may C. Need; need D. May ; need )4.---I answer your questions in Chinese? ---No, you mustn t. A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Do )5.Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting? …I m not sure. Ask our group leader, please. He know. A. canB.mayC.needD.shall 动词不定式作宾语 1、动词不定式概述 ① 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形“,否定形式是“not to+动词原形“。 ② 动词不定式没有人称,数和时态的变化。 ③ 在句子中不能作谓语,但可以充当除谓语之外的任何成分(主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补 足语等) 2、动词不定式做宾语注意点 ① want, like, love, wish, hope, need, try, ask, seem, help, learn, decide, plan, start, begin, forget, remember, choose , prepare, agree等动词后直接跟动词不定式作宾语。 例:He decided to buy a new MP4. 例: We all hope to go to Taizhou next month ② 有的动词(如begin, start, like等)既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可接动词・ing形式作宾语,且 含义基本相同。 ③ “疑问词(how, what, where, which, when等)+动词不定式“结构可跟在一些动词(tell, show, teach, know等)后作宾语。 伤上 I don t know What to do next. 伤上 Can you tell me how to get to the hospital? ④ 如果作宾语的动词不定式很长,为了保持句子平衡,可用让作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(动 词不定式)后置。 伤上 I find it interesting to play computer games. 伤上 We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour. ⑤ 有的动词既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可接动词-ing形式作宾语,但意义区别比较明显,如: forget/remember to do sth.(忘记/记住要做某事);forget/remember doing sth.(忘记/记得做过某事); stop to do sth.(停下来去做另一件事);stop doing sth.(停止正在做的事)。 例:我忘记要去关窗了 我忘记已经关了窗户: [注]省去t。的动词不定式 情态动词(除ought夕卜)后。 使役动词let, have, make后, 感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, find等后,表示经常性或全过程。 had better句型后 Why don9t+主语…/ why not.句型后等 练习:用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.1 don t know where(buy) the book. 2. They decided(not tell) him about it later. 3. His daughter is afraid of(stay) in a quiet place alone. 4. Ifs very interesting for all the children(learn) how(read). 5. Ifs time(have) dinner. 6. Don t forget(turn)