unit5grammar学案牛津译林版八年级上册英语
8AU5 grammar 【知识梳理】 1. The horse is standing with its eyes closed. closed adj.关闭的 close vt.关闭 close adj.近的;亲密的 例窗户是关着的,请你把它打开 例亲密的朋友 2. with the help of with ones help 在的帮助下 例在他的帮助下,我成功通过了考试2种 3. Did you know that bees never get lost lost adj.迷路的,迷失的 missing get lost lose ones way 迷路 lose 失去,被 夺去;输掉lose - lost - lost loss丧失,损失;失败 例当你迷路的时候,可以喊警察帮忙2种。 4. may的用法 1. 表推测,意为“可能,也许”,用于肯定句中。 2. 表请求、许可,意为“可以”。 注意may表请求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时, 其否定回答用mustnt或cant,不用may not,意为“不可以,不允许,禁止。 3. can和may均可用来表示征求意见或允许,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。 may的基本用法就是表示请求时的“可以”和猜测时的“可能”,但要再次强调may表示猜测时是 可以用在肯定句、否定句中的。另外,may引起的一般疑问句,其回答需要注意肯定回答可以 使用may或者can都可以,但否定回答则不能用may not,只能用cant或者mustnt. 【例题精讲】 ■表示允许可以 1一May/Might/Can I come in我可以进来吗 肯定回答一Yes, please./ Of course. /Yes, you can. 否定回答---No, you cant/mustnt. Please dont. 2一May I go now我可以去吗 肯定回答一Yes, you may.可以。 否定回答一No, you mustnl/carft.不可以去。一YouM better not.你最好不去。 ⑶You may bring it back tomorrow.你可以明天把它带来。 You may not go there.你不可以去那里。 练习 1. There a book in the desk. A. may areB.may beC. may hasD.maybe 2. 一 May I go now 一 No, you. You stay here. A. neednt; have to B. neednt; must C. mustnt; have to D. mustnt; has to 3. I visit Lucy on Sunday, Mum 一 Yes, you . A. Must; can B. May; may C. Need; need D. May ; need 4.---I answer your questions in Chinese ---No, you mustnt. A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Do 5.Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting Im not sure. Ask our group leader, please. He know. A. canB.mayC.needD.shall 动词不定式作宾语 1、动词不定式概述 ① 动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形,否定形式是not to动词原形。 ② 动词不定式没有人称,数和时态的变化。 ③ 在句子中不能作谓语,但可以充当除谓语之外的任何成分(主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补 足语等) 2、动词不定式做宾语注意点 ① want, like, love, wish, hope, need, try, ask, seem, help, learn, decide, plan, start, begin, forget, remember, choose , prepare, agree等动词后直接跟动词不定式作宾语。 例He decided to buy a new MP4. 例 We all hope to go to Taizhou next month ② 有的动词如begin, start, like等既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可接动词・ing形式作宾语,且 含义基本相同。 ③ 疑问词how, what, where, which, when等动词不定式结构可跟在一些动词tell, show, teach, know等后作宾语。 伤上 I dont know What to do next. 伤上 Can you tell me how to get to the hospital ④ 如果作宾语的动词不定式很长,为了保持句子平衡,可用让作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语动 词不定式后置。 伤上 I find it interesting to play computer games. 伤上 We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour. ⑤ 有的动词既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可接动词-ing形式作宾语,但意义区别比较明显,如 forget/remember to do sth.忘记/记住要做某事;forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得做过某事; stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事;stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。 例我忘记要去关窗了 我忘记已经关了窗户 [注]省去t。的动词不定式 情态动词除ought夕卜后。 使役动词let, have, make后, 感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, find等后,表示经常性或全过程。 had better句型后 Why don9t主语/ why not...句型后等 练习用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.1 dont know wherebuy the book. 2. They decidednot tell him about it later. 3. His daughter is afraid ofstay in a quiet place alone. 4. Ifs very interesting for all the childrenlearn howread. 5. Ifs timehave dinner. 6. Dont forgetturn