现在完成时练习题与答案老师专用
时态讲解:现在完成时时态讲解:现在完成时 1)现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人 强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状 语连用,如 recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet 等。如: I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years.他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 3). 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester. 6. have been to 和 have gone to 的区别 have been to 强调“去过”,现已不在那里,如: He has been to the USA three times. 他到美国去过三次。 (过去“到美国”,现在已“不在美国”) have gone to 主要强调的是“去了”,现在人不在说话的现场,如: --Where s your mother? --你妈妈在哪? --She has gone to the hospital. --她去医院了。 一一 结构结构 1.1.肯定句:主语肯定句:主语+have/has++have/has+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词+ +其他其他 2.2.否定句:主语否定句:主语+have/has+not++have/has+not+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词+ +其他其他 3.3.一般疑问句:一般疑问句:have/has+have/has+主语主语+ +动词的过去分词动词的过去分词+ +其他其他 Yes, Yes, 主语主语+have/has. No ,+have/has. No , 主语主语+have/has+not+have/has+not 4.4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has++have/has+主语主语+ +动词的过去分词动词的过去分词+ +其他其他 二二 常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语 注 意 :. 现 在 完 成 时 不 能 单 独 与 准 确 时 间 连 用 , ( 如 表 示 过 去 的 时 间 状 语 ) 如 yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for, since 连用. 1.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 如 already(肯定), yet(否定,疑问), just, before, recently, still, lately,Just, already, yet, ever, never, before, twice(重复性时间), for+短时间, since+ 点时间, so far, how long 提问的疑问句中. He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven t seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. 下载可编辑 Have they found the missing child yet ? 2. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如 ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several times. 3. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用, 如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far 等: Peter has written six papers so far. Up to the present everything has been successful. 三三 当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时,谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时,谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如 果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。若不是和短时间连用,则不用若不是和短时间连用,则不用 转化。转化。 英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。 1. 持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。 常见的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。 2. 瞬间性动词:表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。 常见的--begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等 3. 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常用意思相当的持续性 动词来替换 He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.(他参军已有 3 年了。)不用 has joined She has been up for quite some time.(她起床已有好久了。)不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time?(离家已有好久了吗?)不用 has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系: 1、go—be away 2、come