2018中考语法讲解与练习10——形容词比较、最高级

2018 中考语法讲解与练习 10——形容词比较、最高级 英语语法是英语的重要部分，在中考的选择题、语法填空、改错、造句以及 作文都会涉及，本套练习从既有讲解又有练习，是复习的好资料，提分的好助手。 语法讲解： 形容词、形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级副词的原级、比较级和最高级 1 1、分类、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级原级、比较级和最高级最高级三级。 原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 2 2、规则变化、规则变化: : (1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上 er,ester,est构成比较级和最高级。 a)直接加 er,ester,est：： b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加 er,ester,est：： c)以辅音字母+y+y 结尾的,先把 y y 改为 i i 再加上 er,ester,est： (2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加 more / most.more / most. 3 3、不规则变化、不规则变化: : 原级原级 goodgood 好的 wellwell 好；(身体)好的, bad,badlybad,badly 糟糕的,糟糕地 illill(身体)不舒服的 manymany 许多的(可数) muchmuch 许多的(不可数)；非常 littlelittle 少的 farfar 远的；远地 比较级比较级 betterbetter 更好的 最高级最高级 bestbest 最好的 worseworse 更糟糕的,更糟糕地； worstworst 最糟糕的,最糟糕地； (身体)更不舒服的(身体)最不舒服的 moremore 更多的；更 lessless 更少的 fartherfarther 更远的；更远地 furtherfurther 进一步的(地) mostmost 最多的；最 leastleast 最少的 farthestfarthest 最远的；最远地 furthestfurthest 最深刻的(地) 4 4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法： (1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是： 主语主语(sb./sth) +(sb./sth) + 谓语动词谓语动词 + + (very/too/so/quite/rather…)(very/too/so/quite/rather…) + + 形容词形容词/ /副词原级副词原级 + +….…. 如： He is very old now.He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast. / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks rather / The weather looks rather bad.bad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy! / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐) 表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型： 主语主语( (第一个人物第一个人物) +) + 谓语动词谓语动词 + as ++ as + 形容词形容词/ /副词原级副词原级 + as ++ as + 第二个人物第二个人物 + +….…. 如：He is as excited as his younger sister.He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old ladylady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did)They picked as many apples as the farmers (did) .(他们摘的苹果和农 民一样多) 表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型： 主语主语( (第一个人物第一个人物) +) + 谓语动词谓语动词( (否定式否定式) +) +as / so +as / so + 形容词形容词/ /副词原级副词原级 + as ++ as + 第二个人物第二个人物+ +….…. 如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old ladyas slowly as an old lady . (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didn’t pick so / asThey didn’t pick so / as many apples asmany apples as the farmers (did)the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多) (2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型： 主语主语( (‘A’‘A’)+)+谓语动词谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)++(much/a little/even/still)+形容词形容词/ /副词比较级副词比较级+than++than+第二个人物第二个人物( (‘B’‘B’) )+….+…. 如： A modern train is much faster than a car.A modern train is much faster than a car. (现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didn’t cost me/ This book didn’t cost memoremore than that onethan that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是： 主语主语( (‘A’‘A’) +) + 谓语动词谓语动词 + less+ (+ less+ (多音节形多音节形/ /副副) )比较级比较级 + than ++ than + 第二个人物第二个人物( (‘B’‘B’) ) +….+…. 如：I think English is less difficult than maths.I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？) (3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最