非谓语动词与从句之间的关系及转换

非谓语动词与从句之间的关系及转换 非谓语动词与从句间的相互关系及转换:英语中的非谓语动词是整个英语语 法当中非常重要的部分，也是英语学习的一个难点。非谓语动词作句子成分时与 相应的从句有着千丝万缕的联系，它们之间可以有条件的进行相互转换。 一、非谓语动词与从句的相互关系 (一)不定式和分词作定语相当于定语从句 不定式通常位于被修饰名词后。 与该名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。如果不定 式与所修饰名词在意思上是被动且逻辑上的主语不出现时，要用不定式的被动 式，与所修饰名词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。分词作定语时，单个分词置于名词之 前，分词短语置于名词之后，与名词构成主谓关系或被动主谓关系。定语从句和 不定式、分词作定语只是两种不同的表达方式，本质是相同的。 例如：I have many letters to type．(动宾关系) →I have many letters which I should type． I have many letters to be typed．(被动主谓关系) →I have many letters which are to be typed by others． The standing people shouted at the dean．(主谓关系) (二)不定式和分词作状语相当于状语从句 1．不定式多作目的状语和结果状语．故可以转化为相应的目的状语从句和结果 状语从句。 例如：Mother got up early to catch the early bus．(目的状语） →Mother got up early 80 as to (in order to) catch the early bus． →Mother got up early 80 that (in order that) she might catch the early bus． 【注意】80 as to 和 80 that 不可放在句首。 She is too young to join the army．(结果状语) She is 80 young that she cannot join the army． 2．分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和让步等，相当于相应状语的 从句。如果分词的逻辑主语与主句主语一致，则用现在分词；如果分词的逻辑主 语与主句是被动关系且主语一致时，则用过去分词。分词作状语时，如果其带有 逻辑的主语， 称为分词的独立主格结构。分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语无语法联 系。 例如：Seeing those pictures．he couldn t help thinking of the unforgettable days in New York．(时间状语) →When he saw those pictures．he couldn’t help thinking of the unforgettable days in New Y0rk． 二、非谓语动词与从句的相互转换 (一)不定式与从句之间的转换 1．不定式作主语可转换成主语从句。 例如：When and where(for．8)to hold the meeting is unknown yet． →When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown yet． 2．不定式作宾语或宾补可转换成宾语从句。 例如：I don t know what to do with the matter． →I don t know what I should do with the matter． 3．不定式作表语可转换成表语从句。 例如：My wish is to become a pilot after graduation． →My wish is that I can become a pilot after graduation． 4．不定式作定语可转换成定语从句。 例如：The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance． →The meeting that／which will be held is of great importance． 5．不定式作且的、结果、原因状语可转换成相应的状语从句。 例如：They Started off early in order to(so as to)arrive in time． →They started of early in order that(so that)they could arrive in time． (二)动名词与从句之间的转换 1．动名词作主语可转换成 that 引导的主语从句。 例如：Tom’s knowing English helps him in learning French． →That Tom knows English help him in learning French． 2．动名词作宾语可转换成 that 引导的宾语从句。 例如：I remember having paid him for his work． →I remember that I have paid him for his work． 3．动名词作表语可转换成 that 引导的表语从句。 例如：Our worry is your depending too much on him． →Our worry is that you depend too much on him． (三) 1 分词与从句之间的转换 1．分词作定语可转换成 that，who，which 引导的定语从句。 例如：The man talking to my teacher is my father． →The man who／that is talking to my teacher is my father． 2．分词作状语可转换成相应的状语从句。 例如：While waiting for the bus-I caught sight of her． →While I was waiting for the bus．I caught sight of her． 3．分词作宾补可转换成宾语从句。 例如：I found him waiting for a bus at the station． →I found that he was waiting for a bus at the station． 4．分词在句中作伴随或结果状语时。相当于一个并列句。也可和 tII 结构转换。 例如：He died, leaving his daughter much money． →He died，and he left his daughter much money． 三、分词的独立主格结构与从句的相互转换 (一)独立主格结构转换为从句 1．表示时间的独立主格结构可转换为时间状语从句。 例如：The shower being over，we continued our journ