非谓语动词与从句之间的关系及转换

非谓语动词与从句之间的关系及转换 非谓语动词与从句间的相互关系及转换英语中的非谓语动词是整个英语语 法当中非常重要的部分，也是英语学习的一个难点。非谓语动词作句子成分时与 相应的从句有着千丝万缕的联系，它们之间可以有条件的进行相互转换。 一、非谓语动词与从句的相互关系 一不定式和分词作定语相当于定语从句 不定式通常位于被修饰名词后。 与该名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。如果不定 式与所修饰名词在意思上是被动且逻辑上的主语不出现时，要用不定式的被动 式，与所修饰名词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。分词作定语时，单个分词置于名词之 前，分词短语置于名词之后，与名词构成主谓关系或被动主谓关系。定语从句和 不定式、分词作定语只是两种不同的表达方式，本质是相同的。 例如I have many letters to type．动宾关系 →I have many letters which I should type． I have many letters to be typed．被动主谓关系 →I have many letters which are to be typed by others． The standing people shouted at the dean．主谓关系 二不定式和分词作状语相当于状语从句 1．不定式多作目的状语和结果状语．故可以转化为相应的目的状语从句和结果 状语从句。 例如Mother got up early to catch the early bus．目的状语） →Mother got up early 80 as to in order to catch the early bus． →Mother got up early 80 that in order that she might catch the early bus． 【注意】80 as to 和 80 that 不可放在句首。 She is too young to join the army．结果状语 She is 80 young that she cannot join the army． 2．分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和让步等，相当于相应状语的 从句。如果分词的逻辑主语与主句主语一致，则用现在分词；如果分词的逻辑主 语与主句是被动关系且主语一致时，则用过去分词。分词作状语时，如果其带有 逻辑的主语， 称为分词的独立主格结构。分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语无语法联 系。 例如Seeing those pictures．he couldnt help thinking of the unforgettable days in New York．时间状语 →When he saw those pictures．he couldn’t help thinking of the unforgettable days in New Y0rk． 二、非谓语动词与从句的相互转换 一不定式与从句之间的转换 1．不定式作主语可转换成主语从句。 例如When and wherefor．8to hold the meeting is unknown yet． →When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown yet． 2．不定式作宾语或宾补可转换成宾语从句。 例如I dont know what to do with the matter． →I dont know what I should do with the matter． 3．不定式作表语可转换成表语从句。 例如My wish is to become a pilot after graduation． →My wish is that I can become a pilot after graduation． 4．不定式作定语可转换成定语从句。 例如The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance． →The meeting that／which will be held is of great importance． 5．不定式作且的、结果、原因状语可转换成相应的状语从句。 例如They Started off early in order toso as toarrive in time． →They started of early in order thatso thatthey could arrive in time． 二动名词与从句之间的转换 1．动名词作主语可转换成 that 引导的主语从句。 例如Tom’s knowing English helps him in learning French． →That Tom knows English help him in learning French． 2．动名词作宾语可转换成 that 引导的宾语从句。 例如I remember having paid him for his work． →I remember that I have paid him for his work． 3．动名词作表语可转换成 that 引导的表语从句。 例如Our worry is your depending too much on him． →Our worry is that you depend too much on him． 三 1 分词与从句之间的转换 1．分词作定语可转换成 that，who，which 引导的定语从句。 例如The man talking to my teacher is my father． →The man who／that is talking to my teacher is my father． 2．分词作状语可转换成相应的状语从句。 例如While waiting for the bus-I caught sight of her． →While I was waiting for the bus．I caught sight of her． 3．分词作宾补可转换成宾语从句。 例如I found him waiting for a bus at the station． →I found that he was waiting for a bus at the station． 4．分词在句中作伴随或结果状语时。相当于一个并列句。也可和 tII 结构转换。 例如He died, leaving his daughter much money． →He died，and he left his daughter much money． 三、分词的独立主格结构与从句的相互转换 一独立主格结构转换为从句 1．表示时间的独立主格结构可转换为时间状语从句。 例如The shower being over，we continued our journ