高考英语动词时态和语态讲解与专项练习题
. 动词时态语态动词时态语态 汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的,而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中 常考的或较常用的有 10 种,而且重点测试完成时态。 要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助 动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1 1、、 一般现在时一般现在时; 主要用来表示人、 事物的现在状况和特点; 表示经常或习惯性的动作, 句子中常有 often, always, from time to time 等时间状语; 表示客观规律和永恒真理;按照计划安排好了将要发生的动 作(一般指时刻表)等。 He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一考点一: 表示永恒的真理, 即使出现在过去的语境中, 仍用一般现在时。 如: I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二考点二: 在时间和条件状语从句中, 代替一般将来时; 常用的引导词有: 时间: when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件:if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三:考点三:在 make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter+宾语从句, 从句用一般现在时代 替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作, 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四:考点四:在 the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2 2、现在进行时、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always, constantly,continually,again 等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一考点一:在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don t wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二:考点二:表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3 3、现在完成时、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一 些标志性的时间状语: ((1 1)非延续动作:动作发生在过去,对现在有影响。()非延续动作:动作发生在过去,对现在有影响。(2 2)延续性动作:动作和状态的持续。现在完成)延续性动作:动作和状态的持续。现在完成 时有一些标志性的时间状语:时有一些标志性的时间状语: 考点一:考点一:for + 时间段;since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二:考点二:常见的不确定的时间状语:lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三:考点三:在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时。 页脚 . in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 考点四:考点四:表示“第几次做某事,”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 +that” 后 面跟现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. 4 4.一般过去时.一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟 明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意: 考点一:考点一:used to + do,表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to 为不定式,后接动词原形。 be/become/get used to + doing,表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二:考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5.5. 过去进行时过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间正在发生的动作。 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. What were you doing at nine last night? 6.6. 过去完成时过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动