新概念英语第二册语法知识点Lesson69-71

下载后可任意编辑 新概念英语第二册语法知识点Lesson69~71 新概念英语第二册语法知识点Lesson69 被动语态 (1)在第10课、第21课、第34课、第45课与第58课的语法中，我们学习了被动语态的基本形式、它与情态助动词的连用、它在动词+宾语+不定式结构中的使用以及它在过去完成时中的使用： Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 最近它被一个客人弄坏了。(一般过去时) Passing planes can be heard night and day. 过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。(与情态助动词连用) Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. 有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去。(must与被动语态的完成式连用) The bicycle was being sent to his home by train. 人们正用火车给他把自行车送回家。(被动语态用于过去进行时) He never expected the thief to be arrested. 他从未指望那小偷能被逮着。(被动语态用于复合宾语中的不定式结构中) The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. 整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。(用于过去完成时) (2)被动语态还可以用于介词+动名词结构中。介词(after, before, on)+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。假如两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用 after+动名词的完成式表示第1个动作;假如只表示先后顺序，则可用after(或 before)+动名词结构; on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生： After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。 The man called the police after being robbed. 那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话。 He killed a child before being arrested. 他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子。 On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England. 她得知母亲病重后赶忙回到英国。 被动语态用于介词+动名词结构在英语中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口语中。 (3)被动语态用于 want后面的不定式中时，to be可以省略： I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon. 我希望有人今日下午去把行李从旅馆取回来。 want后跟被动语态时往往表示希望别人完成所说的动作。 (4)被动语态还可用于过去进行时，以强调动作的持续性： I ‘d like to ask a few questions about your latest film. 我想就您最近拍的电影问几个问题。 Not again! I was being asked about the film all day yesterday! 又来了!昨天一整天都有人问我这电影的事! 新概念英语第二册语法知识点Lesson70 与 for, with, of, to, at, from, in, on和 about连用的形容词 在第22课与第46课的语法中，我们学习了与of, from, in, on, to, at, for和with连用的动词，知道许多动词都有固定搭配的方式(如believe in, borrow from, occur to, account for 等)。另外，许多动词可以与不同的介词搭配(如 dream of/about, look at/for/after等)。与动词的情况相似，形容词大部分也有与自己固定搭配的介词，并且有些形容词也可以与不同的介词搭配。 (1)与 for连用的形容词(包括eager, enough, ready, sorry, famous等)： My aunt is famous for her beauty. 我姑姑因貌美而驰名。 Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him. 甚至连牛好像也在为他感到遗憾。 I’m ready for the journey. 我已做好旅行的准备。 We have enough apples for the children. 我们有足够给孩子们吃的苹果。 They were eager for the perance to begin. 他们热切地等待演出开始。 (2)与with连用的形容词(包括angry, busy, content, popular 等)： The bull was busy with the matador at the time. 当时那公牛正忙于应付斗牛士。 Why was Mary angry with you? 玛丽为何生你的气? She wasn’t content with her life. 她对自己的生活不满。 Uncle Sam is always popular with children. 萨姆叔叔总是很受孩子们的欢迎。 (3)与of连用的形容词(包括afraid, aware, unaware, careful, certain, kind, north, south, east, west, short, shy, sure等)： The drunk was unaware of the danger. 醉汉没有意识到危险。 Wallis Island is a long way west of Samoa. 瓦立斯岛位于萨摩亚群岛以西很远的地方。 I used to be afraid of ghosts. 我以前很怕鬼。 The drunk seemed quite