美国法学会侵权法重述·第三次·产品责任编

美国法学会《侵权法重述 ·第三次·产品责任编》 （条文翻译校对稿） 王竹四川大学法学院副教授 Restatement of the Law, Third, Torts: Products Liability (Black Letters)Copyright 1998 by The American Law Institute 说明：本译本仅系为中国《侵权责任法》起草研究、参考目 的，根据肖永平、龚乐凡、汪雪飞译，肖永平审校：《侵权法重 述第三版：产品责任》，法律出版社2006 年版译本校对而成，仅 供个人学习、研究参考之用，请勿用于其他任何目的，后果自负。 相关译文具体细节请参见注释。 第一章基于销售时产品缺陷的商业产品销售者责任 Chapter 1- Liability of Commercial Product Sellers Based on Product Defects at Time of Sale 主题 1 普遍适用于产品的责任规则 Topic 1- Liability Rules Applicable to Products Generally §1.商业销售者或者分发者因缺陷产品导致损害的责任 从事产品销售或者以其他方式分发[1]的经营者，销售或者分 发缺陷产品，应对该缺陷所造成的人身或者财产损害承担责任。 1 Liability of Commercial Seller or Distributor for Harm Caused by Defective Products One engaged in the business of selling or otherwise distributing products who sells or distributes a defective product is subject to liability for harm to persons or property caused by the defect. §2.产品缺陷的种类 产品在销售或者分发时，包含制造缺陷，设计存在缺陷，或 者因为说明或警示不充分而存在缺陷，则该产品存在缺陷。产品： （a）如果背离其设计意图，即便在该产品准备和营销过程中 已尽到所有可能的注意，那么（产品）包含制造缺陷； （b） 如果可预见的因该产品引起的损害风险能够通过销售者 或以其他方式分发者，或者他们在分销商业链中的前手，通过采 纳合理替代性设计而减少或者避免，而没有采纳合理替代性设计 致使产品不具有合理性安全，那么（产品）设计存在缺陷； （c） 如果可预见的因该产品引起的损害风险能够通过销售者 或以其他方式分发者，或者他们在分销商业链中的前手，通过提 供合理的说明或警示而减少或者避免，而没有提供合理的说明或 警示致使产品不具有合理性安全，那么（产品）因说明或警示不 足而存在缺陷。 2 Categories of Product Defect A product is defective when, at the time of sale or distribution, it contains a manufacturing defect, is defective in design, or is defective because of inadequate instructions or warnings. A product: (a) contains a manufacturing defect when the product departs from its intended design even though all possible care was rcised in the preparation and marketing of the product; (b) is defective in design when the foreseeable risks of harm posed by the product could have been reduced or avoided by the adoption of a reasonable alternative design by the seller or other distributor,or a predecessor in the commercial chain of distribution, and the omission of the alternative design renders the product not reasonably safe; (c) is defective because of inadequate instructions or warnings when the foreseeable risks of harm posed by the product could have been reduced or avoided by the provision of reasonable instructions or warnings by the seller or other distributor, or a predecessor in the commercial chain of distribution, and the omission of the instructions or warnings renders the product not reasonably safe. §3.支持推断产品缺陷的间接证据 当损害原告的事件满足下列特征，即使没有关于具体缺陷的 证据，也可以推定原告所遭受的损害是由在产品在销售或者分发 时存在的产品缺陷导致的： （a）该事件属于通常是由产品缺陷引起的类型；并且 （b）在该具体案件中，不是仅仅由于产品在销售或者分发时 存在的缺陷以外的原因引起的。 3 Circumstantial Evidence Supporting Inference of Product Defect It may be inferred that the harm sustained by the plaintiff was caused by a product defect existing at the time of sale or distribution, without proof of a specific defect, when the incident that harmed the plaintiff: (a) was of a kind that ordinarily occurs as a result of product defect; and (b) was not, in the particular case, solely the result of causes other than product defect existing at the time of sale o