英语专项复习情态动词特殊用法集粹1
高考英语专项复习情态动词特殊用法集粹 情态动词除了基本的用法以外还有许多特殊之处,列举如下: 1. can 和 could (DCan可以表示某人或某物一时的特点,表示“客观有可能”可以翻译为“有可 能,有时会”。 It can be very warm in this area。这个地区有时可能非常暖和. He can be very friendly at times。他有时会非常友好。 ⑵can表示能力时,可以与be able to换用。但是在将来时和完成时中必须用be able to ; 表示经过努力而成功地办到了某个具体的事情时,只能用was/were able to , 不可以用 can/cotddo 这种用法的 was/were able to 相当于 succeed in 或 manage to。 I am sure we shall be able to get you a job soon。(不能用 can) He has been able to finish the work on time o (不可用 can) After years of hard work he was able to win the prize 。(不可以用 could) He couldnft climb the mountain。(没有能力爬,因而也没有爬) He was not able to climb the mountain。(尝试爬过,但是没能爬上去) 另外: ① cannot / can t / can never 与 too / over ( - ) / enough / 等词连用,意思是 “越…越…”“无论怎样也不为过”。 You can t praise him too much。你无论怎样称赞他都不过分。 You cannot be over careful。你越细心越好。 I can t thank you enough 。我对你感激不尽。 This point cannot be overemphasized。这一点无论如何强调都不过分 。 ② “cannotwait不定式”意思是4tbe eager to 急于做“,表示强调的肯定意思。 I cannot wait to read the book 。我非常渴望读这本书。 He couldn t wait to see her 。他渴望见到她。 练习题: ① Please remind your grandpa to take medicine on time, for a man of his age be very forgetful。 A. should B. must C. shallD. can ② You cannot be careful when you drive a car . A.veryB.soC.tooD.enough ③ The car broke down on the way ,but we get out of the desert at last. A.mightB.wouldC.were able to D.could 2. must有一种含义:“偏要硬要““偏偏“。表示说话人对句子主语所发出的动作 或行为是不希望的、不满的甚至是生气的。通常指令人不愉快的事情。 Why must you be so stubborn (固执)? He must come and worry her with questions , just when she was busy cooking the dinner o If you must smoke, at least you could use an ashtray (次因灰缸). As I was sitting down to lunch , the electric bell must ring o Why must you be so late ?你为何非要这么晚来呢? 练习题: ®Why you always interrupt me ? A. can B. will C. may D. must ©Naturally , after I told her what to do , my daughter go and do the opposite ! A .may B.can C. must D. should 注意:⑴must可以表示有把握的推测,意思是“一定”“肯定”;但是mustn t表 示“禁止,不允许”。 You must be hungry after all that walking. (2)对must所在句子变反意疑问句时,应注意以下习惯搭配: ① must作“必须”解时,反意疑问句中重复must o All the children must respect their parents , mustn t they ? 孩子必须尊敬父母,对吗? ② “mustbe”表示推测时,反意疑问句用be的适当形式。 You must be thirsty , aren9t you ?你一定渴了,是吗? ③ “must have done ”表示推测时,附加疑问句一般用have或has,但是有明确 表示过去的时间状语时,反意疑问句用过去时态。 He must have finished the work , hasn t he ? He must have gone abroad last week , didn t he ? 3.used to的意思是“过去常常”, (1)would和used to的区别如下: 两者都可以表示过去的习惯性动作。 would只强调过去特定情况下的习惯性动作(由动态动词表示),单纯的过去和现在无关; 而used to即可以强调过去的习惯性动作(由动态动词表示),也可以强调过去的事实或状 态(由静态动词表示),与现在形成对比。 I used to have an old car。过去我有一辆旧轿车。 上面这句话的动词是静态动词,说明过去的事实或状态,不能用would代替used to。 (2)would还可以表示过去的习惯性,倾向性。 She would sit there /br hours sometimes, doing nothing at all. 他有时一连坐好几个小时,什么事情也不干。 练习题: When he was there ,he go to that coffee shop at the comer after work every day . A.wouldB.shouldC.had betterD.might 4. shall (1)可以用在第二、三人称,要重读,不可以缩写,表示说话人的意图、意志、允诺、命 令、命运或必然结果等;在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。 (2)用于一、三人