围城主题思想
论钱钟书《围城》的主题思想 ——略论人性“暗月亮” ①的“围城” 摘要:作者钱钟书在《围城》的初版序言中说:“在这本书里,我想写现代中国的某一部分社会,某一部分人物,写这类人,我不遗忘他们是人类,只是人类,具有无毛两足动物的基本根性。”主子公方鸿渐苦恼地在一个个“围城”奔来冲去,充溢希望却又到处碰壁,始终感到压抑与无可奈何。每一次的走出却又是走进另一座“围城”,人生仿佛到处是围城。不断地悲观地走出又满怀希望的走进,无穷无尽、无休无止,直到生命的终结。那究竟人为什么会陷入此种怪圈?究其缘由终究还是人,这种无毛两足动物在作祟,特殊是其先天人性中的“暗月亮”在制造着重重“围城”。正所谓生活本应当是怎么一回事,这往往是你从自己的“个人天地”去希望、去期盼、去企盼、去企望、去追求的,但事实总是另外一码事儿,他人也都有自己的“个人天地”;换句话说,事乖愿违的人生长叹,与其说是命中注定,莫如说是“人为”,只是人们自我熬煎或彼此间的相互熬煎。所以我们对《围城》主题思想的探讨,有利于我们在社会生活中,特殊是物质文明高度发达精神文明相对滞后的今日,使我们能够更清晰地相识自己,相识社会,进而能够更加健康地生活。 关键词:人性;暗月亮;人生愿望;“围城”逆境 Abstract: the author qian zhongshu in fortress besieged) in the preface said: \“in this book, I want to write some part of the modern China society, a certain part of the character, write this kind of person, I do not forget they are human, are only human, have no hair two feet animal basic root sex.\“ The hero square hong gradually troubled at every \“and\“ rush to blunt go, full of hope is and always go to the wall, always feel stressed and helpless. Each time it is out of the other into a \“and\“, life as if everywhere siege. Constantly disappointed to out of and hopeful into, and endless, endless, until the end of life. So what exactly what people will get into this trap? Investigate its reason all still person, the hairless, two feet animal it, especially the innate human nature of the \“dark moon\“ in manufacturing the heavy \“and\“. This is the so-called life should be how one and the same, this is often you from their own personal \“heaven and earth\“ to hope, to look forward to, to go forward, to desire, to pursue, but the truth is always another thing a yard, the others also have their own personal \“heaven and earth\“; In other words, good let violations life legend, is meant to be more than the saying is \“human\“, people just self-imposed torture or each other the tortured. So we told the city \“the theme of the research, to help us in social life, especially the material civilization is highly developed spiritual civilization relatively lags behind today, so that we can more clearly know yourself, know society, and can be more healthy lives . Keywords: human nature;dark moon,;life desire; \“and\“ trouble 绪论 导演杨绛给《围城》电视剧片头词说:“围在城里的人想逃出来,城外的人想冲进去。婚姻也罢,职业也罢,人生的愿望大都如此。”钱钟书先生的《围城》经验了这半个世纪以来,曾一度受到了人们的冷落,但最近这三十年来,人们对它的探讨越来越细致,越来越深刻。它对人们的影响也越来越广泛深刻。《围城》一向被称为“新儒林外史”,旨在对人和人生形态加以嘲弄。同时也是一部“悲剧之悲剧”,旨在写人生就是这样一个无尽期的追求奋斗的过程。直到生命的终结,它写出了人的“围城心境”。 不管前辈人都有些什么说法,每一种说法各执一词,都说得有理有据,可是我始终认为钱钟书先生的《围城》旨在写人性的“暗月亮”而导致人陷入一种人性的“围城”逆境。在这里我不是要探讨“人性本善”还是“人性本恶”,就我个人的观点而言不管初生婴儿是不是像张白纸,只要他来到这个人世界,生活在人的世界,他就会以自己为人所特有的特性生活在这个世界,而人性正好是其最好的详细的外在表现。人与人组成的社会注定离不开人,人就不得不受人性的影响。依据马克思历史唯物主义的哲学观点,认为事物都有两面性,有善又恶,有正有反,有前有后,有上有下,有左有右……,人性亦不能例外。人性有善的一面,也有恶的一面。和善的东西总一脉相承的相像,能激起人们心中的阳光;邪恶的东西各有各的恶处,总让人感到胆怯。《围城》就是在揭示这样的一个主题——每个人都用自己的“暗月亮”人性形成一个个的小“围城”,同时每个人的小“围城”又交织成整个社会的大“围城”,大小“围城”之间相互影响,而使社会陷入一种窘态。人只能无奈的在其中不断的进去出来。婚姻与事业,学习与消遣,发展与落后,胜利与失败,