时态和语态语法讲解和练习

时态和语态语法讲解和练习 1 / 8 M1-M3 语法 — 时态和语态语法讲解 时态和语态是高考必考考点， 主要集中在各种时态的习惯用法及对时态与主谓一致的综合考 查。 复习时态和语态时应注意以下几点：1.进行时态与一般时态的区别；2.现在完成时与现在完 成进行时的区别；3.某些句式、从句以及虚拟语气中的时态。 表 1 主要时态使用注意事项 时 态 注 意 事 项 典 句 例 示 一般现在时 am/is/are do/ does 1. 现阶段经常性、习惯性反复发生的动作或 存在的状态。 I do some rcise every day. 2. 表示客观真理，科学事实。 The earth goes round the sun. 3. 谈论按计划或时间表安排的活动时，用一 般现在时。 The train leaves at 5:00 am. 4. 时间、条件或让步状语从句中用一般现在 时表示将来。 If it is fine tomorrow, we shall visit the Great Wall. 一般过去时 was/were did 1. 过去习惯性或经常性反复发生的动作或存 在的状态。常与 every day, often, sometimes 等时间状语连用。 During his middle school years, he played football every day. 2. 在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中用 一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。 He said he would let us know if he got any news. 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 1. 说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 We are having an English lesson now. 2. 表示计划或安排要进行的动作， 常限于 go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear 等动词。 My uncle is coming back from abroad. 3.表示说话人对主语行为的赞叹或厌恶等感 情色彩， （常与 always, constantly, continually She is always finding fault with others. (不满) 等副词连用） 。 过去进行时 was/were doing 1. 过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 He was playing table tennis at five yesterday afternoon. 2. 表示过去将来发生的动作，一般限于一些 表示移动、方向的动词。 He said that he was coming to see you the next month. 3. 表示说话人过去对主语的行为的赞叹、厌 恶等（常与 always，constantly, continually 等副词连用） 。 He was continually asking her questions. 一般将来时 will/shall + 动词原形 1.（按自然规律）必然会…… 2. 表示事先未考虑的意图 —You’ve left the light on. — Oh, so I have. I’ll go and turn it off. be going to do. 1.（事先考虑）打算，决定做…… 2. 某种客观迹象预示即将会…… ①I am going to write to Henry this evening. ②Look at the clouds. It looks as if it’s going to rain. be to do. 1. (按计划、安排) 打算；将要做 2.（按命令、指示、约定、要求、职责、义务 等）必须、必要、应该做，相当于 should， ought to, must, have to 3.表示后来命中注定会发生…… ① I am to meet Mr. Brown at eleven o’clock this morning. ②We are to take good care of all these children. ③His plan is to be a failure. be about to do 即将， 正要做 （不与时间状语连用， 意同 be on the point of doing） The meeting is about to begin. would/should + 动词原形 常用在宾语从句或间接引语中， 表示从过去的 She said that she would wait for us at the station. 时态和语态语法讲解和练习 2 / 8 过去将来时 某个时刻看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 was/were going to do. 表示过去的打算、计划或很可能要发生的事. He was going to start work the following week. was/were to do. 按过去的计划、 安排将在某个时间发生的事情 These first words were to change my world. was/were about to do 通常指最近的过去将来， 有时表示 “即将或正 想要做某事。 I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 现在完成时 have/has done 1. 从过去某一时刻开始，持续到现在的动作 或状态，并有可能还会继续下去，常与 for 和 since 等引起的表示一段时间的状语连用。 My brother has been ill for two days. 2. 在时间或条件状语从句中，用现在完成时 表示将要做某个动作之前必须先完成的动作。 He will come as soon as he has finished the homework. 3. 瞬间动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的 状语连用，但其否定形式可以。 ①He has joined the army for two years.(×) ②I haven’t seen Mary for two years.(√) 过去完成时 had done 1. 过去某一特定时间以前已经完成的动作， 即 “过去的过去”。 常与之连用的时间状语： by 1999, by the end of last year, at the age of, before then 等。 By the end of last month, he had learned 3,000 English words. 2. 过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另 一时间，还可能持续下去。常与 for, since 等引导的时间状语连用。 He had been at the bus stop for 2