附录中英文对照

河南理工大学本科毕业设计 附录附录 A A EuroPean Tunnelling Review Quality，Environment and Safety Focus Bill Weburn (Vinci Construction Grands ProjetsF一 92851，France) Abstract This paper provides an overview Of tunnelling projects with some of the themes covered by the Chengdu Tunnelling Conference. (a)Environmentalissuesandtunnelsunderhighgroundwater pressure((Hallandsas Rail Tunnel，Sweden) (b)Fire-fighting and tunnel safety on long highway tunnels(Socatop Tunnel， West Paris) (c)Mechanised tunnelling below the world’ s largest airport (HeathrowTS)of a quality that avoids disruption to itsoperation. Each of these overviews show an enhanced perance in regard to projects specific events or objectives. Particularly，in tunnelling， project owners expect more than just a facility delivered on time for Iheir money: they expect an all roundperance respecting deadlines，budget，environmental protection，safety，qualily and community harmony. Funding agencies do not always have the same agenda as project owners，acknowledging peripheral selection criteria but often demanding that the lowest bidder be awarded work. All round Perance requires all round project selection criteria. Hallandsas Rail Tunnel，Sweden The Hallandsas Rail Tunnel is located between Malmo and Gothenburg and is part of the Swedish high speed rail link between the Oresund crossing to Denmark and Oslo. Vinci Construction Grands Projets and Skanska are currently working in a joint venture to complete this tunnel，on which work had stopped during the 1905s,after damage to the environment had been sustained. 1 田银同：中英文对照翻译 The idea for a tunnel through the HallandsasRidge had first heen reviewed as earlyas1975,andby1988，theSwedishNationalRailway Administration(“ NRA”)drew up a conceptual design for the tunnel.The Hallandsa ridge is primary horst ation consisting of mainly fractured gneiss partly weathered into clay and amphibolite.It is considerably more aquiferous than most Swedish primary rock ations，which makes the area on the ridge and the Bj re peninsula highly suitable for cultivation. In 1992 ， the NRA initiated construction with its first contractor who commissioned an open-mode TBM for an unlined tunnel,designed with lateral rock grippers. In mid 1993,it became stuck after advancing 16m, when the machine sank into the machine sank into the highly weathered surrounding ground. Work continued by conventional tunnelling until the end of 1995 ，when with 3,000 metres bored，the contractor withdrew. By 1996，work recommenced and a central access gallerywas avated to open four additional tunnelingfaces using conventional tunnelling s.High rates of water ingress at 601/ second，instead of the amounts Provided for in the contract at less than 331/second ，seeped into the tunnel and hampered progress. This water inflow caused a draw down of the water table locally and dried a number of wells in the vicinity. Over 80 different grouting agents were tested for suitably low enough viscosity to pen