英语四级语法虚拟语气

虚拟语气虚拟语气 一．一般虚拟条件句一．一般虚拟条件句 (1) 与现在事实相反 ——IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tworry. ——IfIhadthebookathand,Iwouldreadthepassage toyou. 那么，虚拟语气现在时的句型为虚拟语气现在时的句型为： 从句从句：If+ 主语 ＋ 动词过去式(be 变 were)+ … 主句主句：主语 ＋ would(should,could,might)+动词原 形＋… (2) 与过去事实相反 ——If you had gone to last night’s games, you would havemethim. ——Ifthepolicemanhadarrivedearlier,hewouldhave seentheaccident. 那么，虚拟语气过去时的结构是虚拟语气过去时的结构是： 从句从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时… 主句主句：主语＋should(或 would,could,might)+ 现在完成 时… (3) 与将来事实相反 ——Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldgivehimthe dictionaryheneeds. ——If Mr. Li were to do the experiment tomorrow, he mightreadtheinstructionscarefully. - 那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是虚拟语气将来时的句型是： 从句从句：If+主语＋should(或 wereto)+ 动词原形＋… 主句主句：同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构。 练习： 1.If this report were more accurate, it __________ an invaluabledocument. A.wereB.hadbeenC.willbeD.wouldbe (D) 2.I_______introubleifthepolicehadstoppedme. A.wereB.wouldhavebeenC.wouldbeD.had been (B) 3.Whatwouldyoudoifwar_________out. A.breaksB.couldbreakC.hadbrokenoutD. were tobreak (D) 二、在 if 引导的虚拟条件句中，若有 were,had,should ， 可省去 if,将 were,had,should 提到主语前，形成倒装。 例如： ——Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,hewouldtell 欢迎下载2 - you. ——Had it not been for your help, we would not have achievedsomuch. 练习： 1.____beforeweleavethedayaftertomorrow,weshould haveawonderfuldinnerparty. A) Had they arrivedB) Would they arrive C)WeretheyarrivingD)Weretheyto arrive (D) 2.Hadheworkedharder,he____theexams. A) must have got throughB)would havegotthrough C) would get throughD)could get through (B) 3. _________ enter university one day,I would work very hard. A) Would I everB) Ever would IC) Should I everD)EvershouldI 欢迎下载3 - (C) 三. 由 asif/asthough引导的从句中用过去时表示对现 在虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去事实的虚拟。例如： —— Sammy looks as though he never got a square meal,butinfacthisparentsfeedhimverywell.(用过去 式表与现在事实相反) —— Heappearedasifhehadknownnothingaboutit. (用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实) —— Theoldwomanheldhimasifshewouldneverlet himgoagain. (用 would+原形动词表与将来事实相反) 练习： 1．TheAmericanyoungmanspeaksChinesefluentlyas ifhe________aChinese. A) isB)wereC)has been D)hadbeen (B) 2．Thegardenlookedasifit________yesterday. A) wasn’t wateredB)didn’t water C) hasn’t wateredD)hadn’t 欢迎下载4 - beenwatered (D) 四．动词四．动词 wishwish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ——Iwishhewereherenow. ——Shewishesshewouldalwaysremainyoung. ——I wish you had not hurt Jim so much. He is still verydepressed. 练习： 1. I wish I____ longer this morning, but I had to get up andcometoclass. A)hadsleptB)sleptC)mighthaveslept D)haveslept (A) 2．They never have enough resources and they wish they_______more. A)haveB)hadC)willhaveD)havehad (B) 五．在表示建议、命令、要求等动词的后面，其宾语从五．在表示建议、命令、要求等动词的后面，其宾语从 句的谓语用“句的谓语用“shouldshould+ +原形动词原形动词”表示虚拟语气，”表示虚拟语气，或省或省 欢迎下载5 - 略略 shouldshould 表示“要求”的： request,demand,require 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的： propose,suggest,advise 表示“决定、命令”的： order,command 表示“坚持”的 insist 例如： —— We insisted that he (should) be present at the ceremony. ——The director suggested that she (should) study moreEnglishbeforegoingabroad. 练习： 1．My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggestedthathe________gothe