英语5大基本句型!!
英语五个基本句式及句子成分英语五个基本句式及句子成分 ((basic sentence patterns and different componentsbasic sentence patterns and different components )) 前言:这份资料是老师非常认真整理出来的,请大家,特别是基础比较差的同前言:这份资料是老师非常认真整理出来的,请大家,特别是基础比较差的同 学一定要从头至尾认认真真看几遍,慢慢消化当中的知识点,对你们学好英语学一定要从头至尾认认真真看几遍,慢慢消化当中的知识点,对你们学好英语 一定会有很大的帮助的!一定会有很大的帮助的! !! So why not have a try?So why not have a try? 一、一、Different components:Different components: (各种成分)(各种成分) 英语的句子成分跟中文的句子成分很像的,主要包括下面这些:英语的句子成分跟中文的句子成分很像的,主要包括下面这些: 1. 主语subject (简写 S) 2.谓语predicate分为:intransitive verb (vi)/transitive verb (vt) 3. 宾语object (分为:direct object/ indirect object )(简写 O) 4. 宾补object complement (简写 OC) 5. 状语adverbial6. 表语predicative7. 定语attributive ####::No matter how long the sentence is, it consists of some of these components.No matter how long the sentence is, it consists of some of these components. 不管多长的句子,都是由这些成分当中的一些所构成的。不管多长的句子,都是由这些成分当中的一些所构成的。 1 1、、 主语主语: 可以作主语的成分有名词 (如 boy) , 主格代词 (如 you) , 数词(numeral), 动词不定式,动名词,从句等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词 不分家! eg: The boy comes from America. (名词作主语) He made a speech. (代词作主语) Two and two is four. (数词作主语) To be a teacher is my dream. (不定式作主语) Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story. (动名词作主语) That he is admitted to a key university is known to us all. (从句作主语,也就是我 们说的主语从句) 中文里中文里“ “某人做某事某人做某事” ”做主语时,常用以下句式:做主语时,常用以下句式: to do sthTo be a teacher is my dream. doing sthTeaching is his job. That/when 从句That he hopes to be a teacher is known to us all. Sb’s doing sthHis being a teacher makes him proud. It …… for sb to do sthIt is important for us to study English well. It is no use / good doing sthIt is no use crying. It …… 从句。It is known to us that he wants to be a teacher. 2. 2. 谓语:谓语由动词构成谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。 1)谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,这就形成主谓结构主谓结构, We come. (vi)Many changes took place in my home town. (不及物动词短语) 1 注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如:come, go 等) 2) 谓语可以是及物动词(vt.)后面跟宾语,形成主谓宾主谓宾/ / 主谓双宾结构主谓双宾结构 3. 3. 宾语:宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的 代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them 等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外, 名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语。 I will do it tomorrow. (代词作宾语) The boy needs a pen. (名词作宾语) I like swimming. (动名词作主语) I like to swim this afternoon. (不定式作宾语) I don’t doubt that he will succeed one day. (从句作宾语,也就是宾语从句) 注意点注意点 特殊的同源宾语现象特殊的同源宾语现象: : 作宾语的名词,跟前面谓语动词属于同一词源,通常 只带一个宾语。 He died a heroic death.他英勇地死去。 She smiled a nice smile.她甜甜地笑了笑。 His son dreamt a terrible dream.我儿子做了一个可怕的梦。 They lived a happy life in these days.这些天他们过得很高兴。 二、英语五大基本句型二、英语五大基本句型 (remember: 再复杂的句子都是在这些基本句型中扩大的) 基本概念:与汉语相似,英语句子是由主语 (subject), 谓语动词(predicate),宾语 (object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语 (object complement)等成分 组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。 句型一:主语句型一:主语+ + 谓语(这个句型里的谓语是谓语(这个句型里的谓语是 vi vi)) 不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念, 不需要宾语及补语, 但有时可有副但有时可有副 词,词, 介词短语等状语修饰语介词短语等状语修饰语。 e.g. 1) The rain stopped2) Timeflies. .主语谓语主语谓语 ★ 句型一的扩展:句型一的扩展: 主语主语+ +不及物动词不及物动词+ +状语(这状语可以是状语(这状语可以是 adv / prep phr / toadv / prep phr / to dodo )) 1) S+Vi + adverb (1) S+Vi + adverb (副词副词) ) Birdssingbeautifully. 主