英语中的十六种时态

英语中的十六种时态 （1）一般现在时 基本形式（以 do 为例）： 第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）； 肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他； He works for us. 否定句：主语＋don t/doesn t＋动词原形＋其他； He doesn t work for us. 一般疑问句：Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他。 肯定回答：Yes，（＋ 主语＋do/does）． 否定回答：No，（＋主语＋don t/doesn t.） 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语 Does he work for us？ Yes， he does. No， he doesn t What does he do for us？ He works for us. （2）一般过去时 be 动词＋行为动词的过去式 否定句式：在行为动词前加 didn t，同时还原行为动词，或 was／were＋not； was 或 were 放于句首；用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词 例如： Did he work for us？ He didn t work for us. He worked for us. （3）一般将来时 am／are／is＋going to＋do 或 will／shall＋do am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do； 一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形 be +不定式，be to+动词原形，be about to ＋动词原形 be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形； 例如：He is going to work for us. He will work for us； He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子！！ (4)过去将来时 be（was，were）going to+动词原形 be（was，were）about to+动词原形 be（was，were）to+动词原形 肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形～. 否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形～. 疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～？ 肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～. 否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～. 疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～？ He would work for us. (5)现在进行时 主语+be+〔现在分词〕形式(其中 v 表示动词) 表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。 例如：I am buying a book. 第一人称+am+doing+sth 第二人称+are+doing +sth （doing 是泛指所有的 v-ing 形式） 第三人称+is+doing+sth 例：He is working. (6)过去进行时 肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它 否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它 一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 ；答语：Yes，I 主语 +was/were./No，I 主语 +wasn t/weren t. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它 He was working when he was alive. (7)将来进行时 主语+will + be +现在分词 He will be working for us.=He will work for us. (8)过去将来进行时 should(would)+be+现在分词 He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us. (9)现在完成时 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\ He has worked for us for ten years. Has he worked for us for ten years. (10)过去完成时 基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes 主语+had 否定回答：No 主语+hadn t ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他） 语法判定: （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. (11)将来完成时 （shall）will+have+动词过去分词 before+将来时间或 by+将来时间 before 或 by the time 引导的现在时的从句 He will have worked for us.=He will work for us. (12)过去将来完成时 should / would have done sth. He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us. (13)现在完成进行时 基本与现在完成时相同，但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念 have/has been +-ing 分词 He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years. (14)过去完成进行时 had been +-ing 分词 He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years. (15)将来完成进行时 主语+ shall/will have been doing He will have been working for us.=He will work for us. 翻译为：他最近一直在为我们工作（过去在工作，