英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解

考研真题与典型题详解 I.Fillintheblanks.1.Thefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecall ed______features.(北二外 2006 研) 2.Linguisticsisusuallydefinedasthe______studyoflanguage.(北二外 2003 研) 3.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof______communication. 4.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbe combinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallyter med______ 5.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof______. 6.Modernlinguisticis______inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhat languageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve. 7.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof______overwriting. 8.Thebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesoundpatternsofalanguageiscalled ______.(北二外 2003 研) 9.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsiscalled______ .(北二外 2004 研) 10.______mainlystudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidessfor theirdescription,classificationandtranscription.(北二外 2005 研) 11.Semanticsand______investigatedifferentaspectsoflinguisticmeaning.(北二外 2007 研) 12.Inlinguistics,______referstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywords arecombinedtosentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheation assentence.(中山大学 2008 研) 13.______canbedefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuse.Sociolinguistics,onthe otherhand,attemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety. 14.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofsentenceiscalled _______.(北二外 2008 研) 15.Saussuredistinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualph enomenaordataoflinguistics(utterances)asand.Theerreferstothe abstractlinguistic linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andthelatteris theconcretemanifestationoflanguageeitherthroughspeechorthroughwriting.(人大 2006 研) 16.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa______study. 17.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s______. 18.Oneoftheimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsis______andparole.Theer istheFrenchwordfor“language”,whichistheabstractknowledgenecessaryfors peaking，listening， writingandreading.Thelatterisconcernedabouttheactualuseoflanguagebypeop leinspeechorwriting.Paroleismorevariableandmaychangeaccordingtocontextu alfactors. 19.Oneoftheimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsisandperance.(人大 2006 研) 20.Chomskyinitiatedthedistinctionbetween______andperances.(北二外 2007 研) II.MultipleChoice 1. WhichofthefollowingisNOTafrequentlydiscusseddesignfeature?(大连外国语学院 2008 研) A.ArbitrarinessB.ConventionC.Duality ofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?(西安交大 2008 研) A.treeB.crashC.typewriterD.bang 3.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguagesuseas______. A.unnaturalB.somethingtobefearedC.naturalD.abnormal 4.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethe barrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofa languagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?A.Transferability. B.Duality.C.Displacement.D.Arbitrariness: 5.Thestudyofphysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeechiscloselycon nectedwith____