英语语序
句子成分:句子成分: 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。 英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补语(宾语补足语和主语补足语)英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补语(宾语补足语和主语补足语) 和同位语和同位语。 其中主语,谓语,宾语是句子的主要成分,其余的均为次要成分。 主语主语 是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式或动一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式或动 名词或从句作主语名词或从句作主语 名词名词------名词或名词短语或名词化形容词或名词化分词作主语名词或名词短语或名词化形容词或名词化分词作主语 Beijing will be rainy. 北京将多雨 Weather in our coastal city is nice and cool in summer 夏季我们沿海城市的天气舒 适,凉爽 Old and young marched side by side 老少并肩而行 The wounded should be sent to hospital at once受伤人员应立即送往医院 代词代词—He told a joke but it fell flat. 他说了个笑话,但没引人发笑。 Who is the man in the car 汽车里的人是谁 数词数词—Three is enough for each of us.三个对于我们每个人来说就足够了 One of my classmates is from Australia.我的一个同学是澳大利亚人 不定式不定式—动词不定式或不定式短语(动词不定式后面可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定动词不定式或不定式短语(动词不定式后面可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定 式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语)式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语) To become a player like Yao Ming is my wish.成为像姚明一样的运动员是我的心愿。 ---若不定式短语作主语常用it 作形式主语, 而把真正的主语 (不定式短语) 放在句后 It is my wish to become a player like Yao Ming. It would be nice to see him again.如能见到他,那将是一件愉快的事。 动名词(动词的动名词(动词的 INGING 形式)作主语形式)作主语 1 Smoking is bad for you. 从句作主语从句作主语------作主语的从句称为主语从句,可由作主语的从句称为主语从句,可由 that whether wh-that whether wh-词等引导。词等引导。 Whenever you are ready will be fine.你无论什么时候准备好都行。 That she forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble.她忘 了告诉我开会的时间,这给我带来了很多麻烦。 谓语谓语---说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。 动词分为 动词分为 实义实义 动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词。动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词。 实义动词单独作谓语, 连系动词与表语一起构成 谓语,情态动词与省略 TO 的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语成分。 (主语与谓语在人称与数方面要相互照应) 表语表语--- --- 常用的连系动词有:常用的连系动词有:be,be, look,look, get,get, sound,sound, feel,feel, become,become, smell,smell, turn,turn, tastetaste 等等 名词作表语 She is an ordinary teacher. 她是一个普通的老师 He turned doctor after school, as his parents had expected.正如父母所愿,毕业后 他成了医生。 代词作表语 You are many, but they are few.你们人多,但他们人少。 Whose is that book It has been lying there for a whole day.那本书是谁的已经在那 里放了一天了。 数词作表语 Five and five is ten. He was the first to leave but the last to arrive.他是第一个走的,却是最后一个到 的。 2 形容词作表语 The dish tastes delicious.这道菜尝起来很好吃。 名词的-ing 形式和-ed 形式作表语 My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。 I am quite surprised to see you here.在这里见到你我感到非常惊讶。 介词短语作表语 We were at table when you called. 你来电话时我们正在吃饭。 动词不定式或短语作表语 To see is to believe.眼见为实 副词及其短语作表语 Is anybody in 有人在吗 补语补语 : 宾语补足语宾语补足语-----位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动 词有:告诉 tell让 let 帮助 help 教 teach 问 ask 看见 see 有 have 命令 order 使 make,等 Don’t keep the lights burning. 不要让灯开着。 The doctor told me to do more rcise.医生告诉我多做练习。 We will make them happy.我们会让他们高兴的。 主语补足语主语补足语即被动语态中的宾语补足语 举个例子 They caught boy stealing. boy 是 caught 的宾语,stealing 是 boy 的状态,宾语补足语 把它变成被动语态 The boy was caught stealing,此时 stealing 就成了主语补足语 3 再来看几句主语补足语的句子 The dog is called Karl The door was painted white. The glass was found broken. 这些都是。 同位语同位语---Mr Wang, our new teacher, is very kind to us. Yesterday I met Jim, a friend of my brother’s.昨天我遇到了我弟弟的一 个朋友吉姆。 如同位语与其同位成分关系密切时不用逗点隔开; 如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可 用逗点隔开。 He told me that his uncle John is a world-famous doctor. 他对我讲,他的叔叔约翰是 一位世界闻名的医生。 He has read all kinds o