语言学教程复习题与答案(胡壮麟版)

语言学教程复习题与答案语言学教程复习题与答案( (胡壮麟版第四章胡壮麟版第四章) ) I. I. DecideDecide whetherwhether eacheach ofof thethe followingfollowing statementsstatements isis TrueTrue oror False:False: 1.1. SyntaSynta x x isis a a subfiedsubfied ofof linguisticslinguistics thatthat studiesstudies thethe sentencesentence structurestructure ofof language,language, i i ncludingncluding thethe combinationcombination ofof morphemesmorphemes intointo words.words. 2.Grammatical2.Grammatical sentencessentences areare eded followingfollowing a a setset ofof syntacticsyntactic rules.rules. 3.3. SentencesSentences areare composedcomposed ofof sequencesequence ofof wordswords arrangedarranged inin a a simplesimple linearlinear order,order, withwith oneone addingadding ontoonto a a nothernother followingfollowing a a simplesimple arithmeticarithmetic logic.4.Universallylogic.4.Universally foundfound inin thethe grammarsgrammars ofof allall humanhuman languages,languages, syntacticsyntactic rulesrules thatthat comprisecomprise thethe systemsystem ofof internaliinternali zedzed linguisticlinguistic knowledgeknowledge ofof a a languagelanguage speak-erspeak-er areare knownknown asas linguisticlinguistic comcom petence.petence. 5.5. TheThe syntacticsyntactic rulesrules ofof anyany languagelanguage areare finitefinite inin number,number, butbut therther e e isis nono limitlimit toto thethe numbernumber ofof sentencessentences nativenative speakersspeakers ofof thatthat languagelanguage areare ableable toto produceproduce andand prehend. 6.6. InIn a a complexcomplex sentence,sentence, thethe twotwo clausesclauses holdhold unequalunequal status,status, oneone subordinatingsubordinating thethe other.other. 7.7. ConstituentsConstituents thatthat cancan bebe substitutedsubstituted forfor oneone anotheranother withoutwithout lossloss ofof gramgram maticalitymaticality belongbelong toto thethe samesame syntacticsyntactic category.8.category.8. MinorMinor lexicallexical categoriescategories arar e e openopen becausebecause thesethese categoriescategories areare notnot fixedfixed andand newnew membersmembers areare allowedallowed for.9.for.9. InIn EnglishEnglish syntacticsyntactic analysis,analysis, fourfour phrasalphrasal categoriescategories areare commonlycommonly recrec ognizedognized andand discussed,discussed, namely,namely, nounnoun phrase,phrase, verbverb phrase,phrase, infinitiveinfinitive phrase,phrase, a a ndnd auxiliaryauxiliary phrase.phrase. 10.10. InIn EnglishEnglish thethe subjectsubject usuallyusually precedesprecedes thethe verbverb andand thethe directdirect objectobject usuallyusually followsfollows thethe verb.11.Whatverb.11.What isis actuallyactually internalizedinternalized inin thth e e mindmind ofof a a nativenative speakerspeaker isis a a completecomplete listlist ofof wordswords andand phrasesphrases ratherrather thth anan grammaticalgrammatical knowledge.12.knowledge.12. A A nounnoun phrasephrase mustmust containcontain a a noun,noun, butbut otherother elementselement