虚拟语气在从句中的用法

1、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法： 条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。 真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的， 此时主 句 不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想， 与事实相反或不大可能会发生， 此时用虚拟 语气。 如：If I have time, I will go. 假若我有时间，我就去。（陈述语气） If I were you, I would go. 假若我是你，我就去。（虚拟语气） 时态类型主句谓语形式条件句的谓语 形式 与现在事实 相反 与过去事实 相反 would/should/could/动词过去式 did1. If I were you, I should study English. might+ V 原be 多用 were2. I would certainly go if I had time. 1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test. 2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 与将来事实 相反 would/should/could/①动词过去式 might + V 原②should +V 原 1. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 例句 would/should/could/动词过去完成 might + have done式 had done ③were + to do2. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if 从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时 （即过去的过去） 注意： 1）I would/should/could/might主句谓语中的 should 主要用于第一人称后；would 表 示结果还 表示过去经常常常做某事， might 表示可能性，could 表示能力、允许或可能性。比 较： If you tried again , you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。 (would 表 结果) If you tried again, you might succeed.要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。 (might 表可能) If you tried again, you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could 表能 力) 2）错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指 的是现在 或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调 整： If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。 3）If 虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句） 常考两个句型：If it weren’t for…和 If it hadn’ t been for…，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如： If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。 If it hadn’t been for your assistance, we wouldn’ t have succeeded. =But for your assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded. =Without your assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded. 4）If 虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should 置于句首。例： Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would work harder. Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…) 2、使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句： 1）wish 与 hope 接宾语从句的区别在于：hope 表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈 述语气。 wish 表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较： （1） We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.) （2） We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.) 2）if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望， 其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后 所接时态的情况相同： If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。 If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。 If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了! 注意：if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。 3）I would rather 后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去.在 would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的 that 从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示“宁愿做什么”， 具体用法为： ①一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望 I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。 ②用过去完成时表过去的愿望 I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。 4）as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气。以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句， 有时用虚拟语气，则与wish 用法相同，例： He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。 They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。 He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。 注意： （1）从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气： It looks as if we ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。 （2）注意 It isn t as if…的翻译： It isn t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。 3、从句中 should+动词原形，should 可省略 1）在 lest ，f