Reading写作起源+SoilFertilization+玛雅的衰落词句整理

The Origins of WritingThe Origins of Writing Words scholars have dubbed it cunei from the wedge-shaped marks ( cunei in Latin) that are its hallmark. thatthat 修饰对象的确定，一般就近修饰修饰对象的确定，一般就近修饰 Script：n. 手迹手稿，书写体 consist of：由…组成 wedge：n. 楔形，楔子，三角形 incise：v. 刻入，刻进入=inscribe, carve into=engrave 3 reed: n. 芦苇，芦杆 stylus：n. （古代刻写用的）尖笔(了解即可) dub…from…: 以…为…起绰号 dub: v. 起绰号 cunei：n. 楔形文字 hallmark：n. 标志，特点 6.The batches, some of which contain thousands of tablets, consist for the most part of documents of the types just mentioned: bills, deliveries, receipts, inventories, loans, marriage contracts, divorce settlements, court judgments, and so on. WhichWhich 指代对象的确定；固定搭配的短语出现开端指代对象的确定；固定搭配的短语出现开端 consistconsist 就要期待后文就要期待后文 ofof Batches：n. 一组 Receipts: n. 收据 Inventories：n. 存货清单，列表 marriage contracts: 结婚合同 divorce settlements：离婚决议 AbstractAbstract →→ ConcreteConcrete Soil FertilizationSoil Fertilization（较简单）（较简单） Words 焚化炉 An incinerator is a special large container for burning rubbish at a very high temperature incinerate：v. 使烧成灰烬，焚化 cinder：n. 灰烬 12. the spores of mushrooms, puffballs, and truffles spore：n. 孢子，芽孢 mushroom：n. 蘑菇 puffball：n. 马勃（菌） （了解即可） truffle：n. 块菌，松露（了解即可） 13. Corn, tobacco, and cotton can deplete the topsoil of nutrients, especially nitrogen, if planted on the same land several years in a row. Deplete…of…: 使…耗尽，弄空 Deplete：v. 消耗，减少 To deplete a stock or amount of something means to reduce it Nitrogen：n. 氮气oxygen：氧气 Several years in a row: 一连几年 14. crop rotation：庄稼的轮耕 rotation：n. 旋转； rotate：v. 旋转 15. In the next year they plant the same areas with legumes, whose root nodules add nitrogen to the soil Legumes：n. 大豆（了解即可） root nodules：根瘤nodule：n. （尤指植物上的）节结，小瘤 16. lowering the oxygen content of soil and keeping fertilizer from being taken up as efficiently keep…from doing: 使…阻止做… take up: 吸收 17. releasing nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas that can enhance global warming releasing nitrous oxide：释放一氧化二氮 enhance：v. 促进，加强 18. nitrate and phosphate fertilizer： 硝酸盐和磷酸盐化肥 19. The resulting plant nutrient enrichment causes algae blooms that use up oxygen dissolved in the water, thereby killing fish. Enrichment：n. 丰富，富裕，充实 Algae：n. 藻类 Bloom: v. 开花；繁盛，兴旺 Dissolve：v. 溶解 Syntax 6 1.Rapidly growing and spreading mycorrhizae fungi in the spores attach to plant roots and help them take in moisture and nutrients from the soil. 主语前的所有成分都是对主语的铺垫修饰主语前的所有成分都是对主语的铺垫修饰 Mycorrhizae：n. 菌根（了解即可） attach to：粘在…上；附在…上 take in moisture and nutrients：吸收水分和营养 2.Today, the additional food they help produce feeds one of every three people in the world 名词后面直接连句子，马上反应整句话修饰名词 one of every three people：三分之一的人口 The Collapse of the MayasThe Collapse of the Mayas Words 有 代 表 性 的 Someoneorsomethingthat is archetypal has all the most important characteristics of a particular kind of person or thing and is a perfect example of it. 11. catastrophic collapse or apocalyptic overthrow：灾难性的倾塌或毁灭性的颠覆 apocalyptic：adj. 毁灭性的；世界末日的 Apocalyptic means relating to the total destruction of somethi