48个国际音标讲解文档

48个国际音标课程讲义 元音和辅音的定义：元音和辅音的定义： 发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。 不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语 音称为辅音。 发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。 发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音 一、元音一、元音 1 1、、/i:/ /i/ /?/ /e//i:/ /i/ /?/ /e/ （1）/i:/ 长元音 嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角向两边张开，流出微笑的表情 与字母 e 的发音 相同.发这个音的字母组合有 e ea ee e: me be shehewe evening ee:ee: sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three green ea:ea: meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean 绕口令练习：the teacher repeated the speech to please the people. I can see the sea, the deep green sea （2）/i/ 短元音，嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴型扁平。中间放一个小指尖，这 个音是顺口即来的啊哈。 字母和字母组合 I e y ey ay Pig fish lorry happy money chin 绕口令练习：why does Lily go out with Jim and not him? If I assist a sister-assistant, will the sister’s sister-assistant assist me? （3）梅花音/?/ 嘴型比较怪异，嘴巴要长大，尽量拉向两边，既要大又要呈扁平形，舌尖抵下 齿。听起来向鸭子叫。很干。 dad flag hand rabbit ant cap apple family 绕口令练习：apple, apple, apple. An apple is good after a nap Can you can a can as a canner can can a can (4)短原因 /e/唇形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍微隆起，张嘴即来，跟打招呼“哎”的声音相似 a e ai ue ea ie 等字母和字母组合发该音 Egg bell bread said head desk elephant 绕口令练习：my hen likes to lay ten fresh eggs every day. Let’s get together when the weather is better. 2 2、中元音、中元音 /?:/, /?/, /?/ /?:/, /?/, /?/ （1）长元音/?:/ 三部曲 嘴型扁平，上下齿微微张开，舌身放平，舌中部微微抬起。稍微紧张一 点 发这个音的字母组合有 er ir or ur ear our Her girl skirt bird purse nurse pearl 绕口令练习： where is the pearl? The nurse put her pearl in her nurse. The early birds catches the worm 来源于网络 （2）短元音/?/ 嘴唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，舌中部微微隆起 a e I o u ar er or ou re 等字 母容易发/?/ Picture camera teacher doctor sugar panda 绕口令练习： my mother and my sister like the new shopping center Readers are supposed to keep silent in the library. （3）短元音/?/ 嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍微抬起。张开两指高度。O u oo ou 等字母和字母组合发该音 bus sun son gum jump nut umbrella butterfly mushroom 绕口令练习：Father and son have fun, flying their kite in the sun 3 3、后元音、后元音/ /ɑ:/ɑ:/，，/?:/, /?/, /u:/, /?//?:/, /?/, /u:/, /?/ （1）长元音/ɑ:/ 口腔打开，嘴长大，舌身自然放松，下巴收低，舌头不要抵下齿，在感叹祖国大 好河山“啊”一样，下巴稍微收低。字母 a ar al au ear 等通常发该音。 Car star laugh aunt palm heart grass plant shark 绕口令练习：no parking here, no parking here, our game of darts is starting. Barbara and Char，les are dancing in a large garden. （2）长元音 /?:/ 双唇收的小而圆，向前突出，舌身往后缩。常见 a au aw ar al or ore oor ou our 等组合会发这个音 ball wallwater horse door corn 绕口令练习： basketball, basketball ,Paul plays basketball She thought she ought to take a walk before four o’clock （3）短元音/?//?/ 口腔打开，嘴巴张大，舌头向后缩，嘴唇稍微的收圆 fox coffee watch dog shop mop 绕口令练习：my mom likes to shop, she shops until she stops Lots and lots of clocks and watches are on sale in the shops （4）长元音 /u:/ 嘴型小而圆，微微的外凸，舌头尽量后缩。喉咙有点紧张感，想想火车响的时 候“呜呜”的声音。 常见 o u oo oe ou ew Flute fruit food shoes moon juice 绕口令：Cool, cool, cool ，you look so cool The news is too good to be true （5）短元音/?/ 嘴唇张开，略向前凸出，嘴型收圆，放松点，不要紧张，嘴巴的形状会影响发音 的效果。O u oo oul 等字母发该音。 Wolf wood bull bullet book cook good 绕口令练习：cook! Cook! Where is the cook book? Please take a look Good cookies