形容词及冠词

形容词 表示人或事物的性质的词叫形容词。 一、形容词的用法： 1 作定语 He is a good student. That is a green jeep. 2 作表语 The blackboard is black. It’s good to do morning rcise every day. 3 作宾语补足语 Please keep your book clean. She found the work very interesting. 二、形容词作定语的位置 1 一样放在名词前 That is a white shirt. This is a red pen. 2 所修饰的词是不定代词 something anything everything nothing 时定语 的位置要后置 Is there anything wrong with your bike? There will be something important at the meeting. 3 here there above before 等词作定语时须放在名词以后 The pupils here are all Young Pioneers. 三、形容词作定语的语序 不同种类形容词，修饰名词作定语。代词冠词前头走，数量性质跟后 头。大小形状老新旧，颜色材料在最后。 四、形容词的比较级 形容词的比较级和最高级别离有两种组成方式：单音节词和少数以-y –er –ow –ble结尾的双音节形容词是在词尾加-er –est 组成比较级 和最高级；多音节词和部份以“单音节形容词+ly”组成的副词或以 “单音节词名词+ly”组成的双音节形容词用 more 和 most 放在词前 组成比较级和最高级. 冠词 冠词是一种虚词。有不定冠词 a、 an 和定冠词 the 两种。冠词不做句 子成份，在句中不重读。只用在名词前说明所指的人或事物。 一、不定冠词的位置： 1、一样放在名词前 This is a pen. That is an rcise-book. 二、若是名词前有定语一样放在定语之前 I have a new bike. He has an old pencil-box. 3、若是修饰词前的定语前还有其它修饰词，不定冠词一样要放在修 饰词的前面 It’s an extremely cold day today. It’s a very good English book. 二、不定冠词 a、an 的区别 不定冠词以后的词以辅音音素开头时用a；以元音音素开头时用 an This is a horse. That is an elephant. He has gone for an hour. I’m an ordinary worker. It’s a useful book. 三、不定冠词的用法： 一、与单数可数名词连用指某一种人或事物 He is a teacher. Give an apple. 二、指一种人或物中的任何一个，不具体说明是何人何物 A boy wants to see you. I borrowed a picture-book from the library yesterday. 3、表示数量有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有“one”强烈 I have a face. He wants a book.（是书而不是别的东西） He wants one book. (是一本而不是两本) 4、用于某些固定词组中 a bita fewa littlea lot ofhave a lookin a hurry 五、在文章中第一次显现用不定冠词 One day a little monkey was playing in a tall tree near a river. 四、定冠词的用法 一、特指某（些）人或某（些）物 The pen on the desk is black. Let’s read the new words on the blackboard. 二、指谈话两边都明白的人或物 Where is the teacher? He is in the classroom. Open the door, please. 3、指上文提到过的人或事物 Last night I read a story. The story was about Lei Feng. 4、用活着界上并世无双的事物前 The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. There is a plane in the sky. 五、用在序数词和形容词最高级前 Li Ming is the tallest in our class. 六、用在某些由一般名词组成的专出名词前 the Great Wallthe Summer Palacethe History Museum 7、用在一些适应用语前 in the dayin the morningthe day before yesterdayby the way 八、用在表示方位的名词前 Bei Jing is in the north of China. 九、乐器前边一样要加定冠词 She is playing the violin. 10、报纸杂志名词前一样要加定冠词 The people’s Daily 五、不用冠词的情形 一、在专出名词前和不可数名词前 二、名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词、疑问代词（如this, that, my, whole, some, any, no, each, every, next， which, what）等作定语 时不用冠词。 What book were you reading last night? 3、表示泛指的复数名词前不用冠词 They are workers. People go swimming in rivers and lakes. 4、在表示月份、季节、礼拜和带有 day 的节日前一样不用冠词 December is the last month of a year. January 1 is New Year’s Day. 五、球类运动、三餐饭、语言和学科名词前不用冠词 Does he play football? Before supper we often play tennis. 6 在称号语、头衔的名词前不用定冠词 What are you doing, boy? 7、在一些适应用语及固定词组中不用冠词 at nightat noonafter schoolat home