分词结构全语言难点

分词结构分词结构 I. I. 非限定性动词的比较非限定性动词的比较 1． 比较不定式和名词性的动词比较不定式和名词性的动词-ing-ing 形式作宾语形式作宾语 1）有些动词即可带名词性的动词-ing, 也可带不定式作宾语，但所表达的意思不同。 a.在 forget, remember, regret 等动词后面，-ing 形式表示已经发生的动作，不定 式表示要发生的动作。 He has forgotten meeting her last year. ( 他忘了去年曾经见过他。) He has forgotten to meet her. （他忘了要去见她。 ） b.try 带-ing 形式表示“试一试” ；带不定式，表示“设法” Try pressing the green button and see if the machine will start He tried to do the sum in his head. c. mean 带-ing 形式表示“意味着” ；带不定式，表示“企图、打算” 。 Success means working very hard. John meant to drive there, but his car broke down. d.chance 带-ing 形式，表示“冒险试试” ；带不定式，表示“碰巧” 。 Dick chanced climbing Mount JolmoLungma without carrying the oxygen container. Tom chanced to find his lost bike in front of a store. 2)go on, leave off, quit, stop 后面的-ing 形式是宾语，不定式是状语，表示目的。 He went on working in spite of the noise aroused him. (尽管周围的噪音很大， 他仍不停 的工作。) He gave us a briefing and went on to show us round the campus. (作了简短介绍后，他 接着带我们参观校园。) 3) Advise, allow, encourage, permit, recommend, authorize, forbid 等动词后带-ing 形式作 宾语，带不定式作宾语补语。 Mr.Smith doesn’t permit going to sleep in class. Mr. Smith doesn’t permit his students to go to sleep in class. 4) understand 直接带-ing 形式作宾语，也带“特殊疑问词+不定式”作宾语。 I can’t understand your reading the boring novel. I can’t understand how to divide a number byzero. 注：在 demand, deserve, need, require, want 等动词后，作宾语的名词性-ing 形式表被动。 Require doing/ to be done Cf：be worth (adj.) doing/to be done 2. 比较不定式、动词-ing 和 –ed 形式作宾语补语 1)不定式和动词-ing 形式作宾语补语的区别 I heard him talking to his mother. (-ing表示正在进行) I hear him talk to his mother for an hour. ( 不定式表示完成的动作全过程) 有时用不定式和-ing 形式作宾补都可以，意义差别不大。 When he was a boy, he liked to watch cars coming/come and going/go in the street. 2) 动词-ing 与-ed 形式作宾语补语的主要区别 Can you get the car going? (表示主动的动作) David will get the car washed. (表示被动的动作) 少数几个不及物动词-ed 形式作宾补表示完成的动作。这类词常见的有： catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, smell, watch等 3. 比较不定式、动词-ing 和-ed 形式作定语 1 1) 不定式、动词-ing 和 –ed 形式作定语的主要区别 These are the letters to be sent out this afternoon. (不定式表示即将发生的动作) The woman sending her children to school is my history teacher. （-ing 形式表示正在 发生的动作） We’ve met the doctors sent to work here by the city hospital. (-ed 形式表示已发生的 动作) 2)． 动词-ing 和-ed 形式作定语的主要区别 a. I’m so glad to hear your encouraging remarks. (…remarks that are encouraging me.) 表示 主动，正在进行 China is a developing country (…country that is developing.) 表示主动，正在进行 b. This word is often used in spoken English. (=…English that is spoken.) 表被动 Pick up the broken vase. (…vase that has been broken.) 表被动，完成的动作 注： a.单个动词-ing 或 –ed 一般放在被修饰名词前。 b.有些动词-ed 形式既能前置也能后置，意义不同： I noticed a concerned (关切的)look in his eyes. All parties concerned (有关的)will be present We must make a reply within the given（指定的）period. She doesn’t like the blouse given(所给予的)by her aunt. This is an involved （复杂的）sentence All people involved(有牵连的)have been questioned. The store sells used (旧的) books only. The textbooks used (所采用的) are all up-to-date. c.如果形容词从句和主句时态不一致，则不能用动词-ing