16名词性从句语法点及练习

《高中英语语法大全》第《高中英语语法大全》第 1616 章章名词性从句名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一．主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用 who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是 John 打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …;It is an honor that…;It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely? 4. what what 与与 thatthat 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别 whatwhat 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而 that 则不然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation 二．宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由 that 引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 (2) 由 what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： a)She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。 b)I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 (3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 2. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) I’ ve made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意： that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的 that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 4. it it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语 that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如： We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 5.* 后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词这类动词有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that 引导的宾语从句。如：正确表达：I admire their winning the match. 错误表达：I admire that the