定语从句语法规则
定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担当,修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例) 例: The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk. 定语从句 在英语中,修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例: The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk. 关系词判 断 步 骤 : 首先,要辨别出先行词。 假如先行词是指人,关系词可能就用 who, that, whom ,whose。假如先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that 1.which指物,做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省 略, 如介词提前则不能省) 2.who指人,做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略) 3.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) 4.关系代词that 指人/物,做主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略) 先行词 主格 宾格 全部格 人 who, that who(m),that whose 物 Which ,that Which ,that whose, of which 定语从句中需留意事项 有些状况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which 1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句. This is the most interesting story ( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting ( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定代词时,只能用that. § Here is something ( that) I will tell you. § Not all that glitters is gold. 3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句 § I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see. 4.先行词是one of, the one, 或用little ,few, no, all ,any 作修饰,用that § Is it the one that you want ? § We haven’t got much that we can offer you. 5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时,关系词用that § Which is the bike that you lost? § Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? v 从例句中看出,who、that在很多状况下可以通用,但有时宜用 用who,而不用that 1.先行词是one(s) ,anyone, someone, those时,关系词运用who § Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. § One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2.在there be 句型中,先行词指人,关系词用who § There is an old man who wants to see you. § There are many young men who are against him. 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的,它和关系代词一样,具有3种作用。 在从句中代替先行词。在句中作状语 连接作用,把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句 关系副词有三种: where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. ( on in/at…which)=that when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on / in…which)=that why: 在从句中作缘由状语,指代缘由 =that 关系副词的用法: 1.where 的用法:(先行词应是地点名词) The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel =The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean =The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean. =The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean =The hotel 关系词略we stayed at wasn’t clean 2.when的用法: (先行词应是表示时间的名词) I’ll never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. I’ll never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语) I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the League . I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League. 3.why的用法: ( 表示缘由的名词) The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. The reason that I’m calling you is to invite you to a party The reason I’m calling you is to invite you to a party 第 3 页